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Science子刊:减少87%的癌症转移!新策略利用破伤风疫苗改善胰腺癌治疗!

2022-03-24 转化医学网 网络

“研究结果表明,这种治疗方法可能是胰腺癌以及其他难以治疗的癌症(如卵巢癌)的一种有用的免疫疗法。

导读:免疫治疗在治疗高度侵袭性胰腺导管腺癌方面迄今应用甚少。胰腺导管腺癌是一种高转移性疾病,肿瘤的免疫原性和免疫抑制性较差,阻止了肿瘤微环境中的T细胞活化。近期研究中,一种新策略成功地使胰腺肿瘤在小鼠的免疫系统中可见,并且容易受到免疫攻击,减少了87%的癌症转移。

众所周知,胰腺癌很难治愈,甚至很难治疗。现在,阿尔伯特爱因斯坦医学院的科学家们设计出的一种新策略成功地使胰腺肿瘤在小鼠的免疫系统中可见,并且容易受到免疫攻击,减少了87%的癌症转移。描述这一发现的论文“Listeria delivers tetanus toxoid protein to pancreatic tumors and induces cancer cell death in mice”在线发表在《Science Translational Medicine》杂志上。

论文通信作者、爱因斯坦微生物学和免疫学副教授、美国国家癌症研究所指定的阿尔伯特爱因斯坦癌症中心成员Claudia Gravekamp博士说:“如今的检查点抑制剂药物对某些类型的癌症效果很好,但对胰腺癌患者的帮助却很少。问题是胰腺肿瘤并没有足够的‘外来’吸引免疫系统的注意,通常可以抑制任何发生的免疫反应。本质上,我们的新疗法使免疫‘冷’肿瘤足够热,以使免疫系统攻击并破坏它们。”

利用破伤风疫苗

Gravekamp博士的治疗策略利用了这样一个事实,即几乎所有的人都在儿童期接种破伤风疫苗,这是一种由梭状芽孢杆菌细菌分泌的一种毒性蛋白引起的严重疾病。由于他们的破伤风特异性记忆T细胞终生在血流中循环,如果接种疫苗的人后来暴露于高度外来的破伤风毒素,他们将产生强烈的免疫反应。Gravekamp博士和她的同事通过用将破伤风毒素输送到细胞中的细菌感染胰腺癌细胞,有效地唤起了针对胰腺癌细胞的强效和特异性免疫反应。

利用给予人们的相同破伤风疫苗,研究者接种了胰腺癌小鼠模型(即携带人类胰腺肿瘤的小鼠)。然后,他们将编码破伤风毒素的基因融合到非致病的单核细胞增生李斯特菌中,这些细菌高度擅长感染细胞并通过组织扩散。最后,为了感染和“破伤风化”肿瘤,他们将细菌与他们的破伤风基因注射到之前接种疫苗的、携带肿瘤的小鼠体内。

利用癌症的免疫抑制

Gravekamp博士说:“李斯特菌相当薄弱,很容易被人和动物的免疫系统杀死——在任何地方,肿瘤区域除外。我们的治疗策略实际上是利用胰腺肿瘤如此善于抑制免疫系统来保护自己这一事实。这意味着只有肿瘤区域的那些李斯特菌存活的时间足以感染胰腺肿瘤细胞,健康细胞不会被感染。”

一旦李斯特菌感染了肿瘤细胞,它们的破伤风毒素基因就会在肿瘤细胞内部表达破伤风毒素蛋白——引发强烈的免疫反应。破伤风毒素激活预先存在的破伤风特异性记忆T细胞,使CD4 T细胞攻击并杀死感染的肿瘤细胞。加入低剂量吉西他滨(一种减少免疫抑制的化疗药物)可增强T细胞反应。治疗使小鼠胰腺肿瘤的大小平均缩小了80%,转移灶的数量也显著减少了87%,而治疗动物的寿命比未治疗(对照)动物延长40%。

Gravekamp博士说:“研究结果表明,这种治疗方法可能是胰腺癌以及其他难以治疗的癌症(如卵巢癌)的一种有用的免疫疗法。”

原始出处:

Selvanesan BC, Chandra D, Quispe-Tintaya W, Jahangir A, Patel A, Meena K, Alves Da Silva RA, Friedman M, Gabor L, Khouri O, Libutti SK, Yuan Z, Li J, Siddiqui S, Beck A, Tesfa L, Koba W, Chuy J, McAuliffe JC, Jafari R, Entenberg D, Wang Y, Condeelis J, DesMarais V, Balachandran V, Zhang X, Lin K, Gravekamp C.Listeria delivers tetanus toxoid protein to pancreatic tumors and induces cancer cell death in mice.Sci Transl Med. 2022 Mar 23;14(637):eabc1600

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    2022-07-22 ms4000001035379904

    什么时候可以真正投入临床?

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    2022-03-26 wjywjy
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    2022-03-26 jichang
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    2022-03-24 ms9000001559552862

    学习了

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