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CMAJ:预防过敏——竟然要在早期给婴儿辅食中添加花生?!!

2015-10-22 MedSci 陈说 MedSci原创

据美国疾病控制和预防中心报道,在1997到2011年间儿童食物过敏发生率增加了约50%。目前,由于尚没有关于为何会这样的明确解释,然发生率显著增加,因此,目前医生的工作重点已经从过敏治疗转移到了过敏预防。 当发生食物过敏时,我们的身体会针对该种食物产生免疫反应。虽然免疫系统是为了保护我们不受细菌的侵害,但是,在食物过敏的人群中,免疫系统会误认为造成过敏的食物为有害物质,进而对其产生免疫反应,

据美国疾病控制和预防中心报道,在1997到2011年间儿童食物过敏发生率增加了约50%。目前,由于尚没有关于为何会这样的明确解释,然发生率显著增加,因此,目前医生的工作重点已经从过敏治疗转移到了过敏预防。


当发生食物过敏时,我们的身体会针对该种食物产生免疫反应。虽然免疫系统是为了保护我们不受细菌的侵害,但是,在食物过敏的人群中,免疫系统会误认为造成过敏的食物为有害物质,进而对其产生免疫反应,从而对我们产生巨大的损害。在日常生活中,任何食物都有可能引发过敏反应,但这是因人而异的。生活中,食用后有90%的可能性发生过敏反应的食物有以下几种:牛奶、鸡蛋、花生、坚果、大豆、小麦、鱼和贝类。

在以往的婴儿饮食指南中,当一个家庭中,有任何一位亲属有食物过敏史的话,一般都会建议家长应尽可能地避免给12-36月龄的婴儿喂养高风险的过敏食物。此外,在2000年美国儿科学会议中(AAP)也提出类似的建议,家长给婴儿添加辅食的时候,最好12个月后才给予牛奶,24个月后才给予鸡蛋,36个月后才给予坚果和鱼类食物。

最近,一篇论文提出了关于如何防止儿童食物过敏的最新证据。

该文章被发表在加拿大医学协会期刊(CMAJ),可以被医生提供给家长们,指导家长们如何去给婴儿选择食物,以减少婴儿过敏的风险。

这项研究结果是由加拿大曼尼托巴大学的Drs. Elissa AbramsAllan Becker共同完成的,该随机对照试验得出的结论是:早期给予婴儿花生作为辅食比晚期能降低80%食物过敏风险。

然而,研究团队警告家长们在给婴儿们添加花生辅食之前要在食物过敏专家的评估后才能进行。此外,在2006年进行的一项前瞻性研究中,对1600名从出生到5岁的儿童进行了随访,婴儿在出生后6个月时容易对小麦过敏。

尽管当前有很多女性在怀孕和哺乳期时尽量避免食用可能引起过敏的食物以防止婴儿食物过敏的发生,但目前的国际指南指出这种做法并无必要。

针对他们的研究结果,Elissa Abrams博士Allan Becker指出,要想防止孩子食物过敏,建议家长们在婴儿4-6个月龄的时候给予高风险过敏的食物作为辅食。通过定期少量的接触这些高风险过敏的食物,使个体渐渐适应该种食物以避免发生过敏反应。

MedSci评论:关于早期给婴儿辅食中添加高风险过敏食物的研究之前就有,在今年2月份,NEJM上就曾刊登一篇关于对640名存在湿疹且对鸡蛋过敏的婴儿,在4-11月龄到60月龄间,在其辅食中添加花生的随机对照试验(NEJM:防过敏,花生吃还是不吃?),试验同样表明早期食用花生可降低过敏发生的可能性。但是,各位家长们要注意,这些研究的针对对象均是花生,并没有对其它高风险过敏食物进行研究,因此,家长在给婴儿添加辅食的时候应注意:早期添加花生作为辅食,必须在医生的评估与监测下进行!

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40330, encodeId=78d2403307e, content=可怜, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 22:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40269, encodeId=809a4026945, content=没有医生盯着谁敢吃, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG562795A9BB09E1503.jpg, createdBy=52b31658114, createdName=winter9345, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 13:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40249, encodeId=49f3402496e, content=不错嘛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=206, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 12:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40241, encodeId=48524024105, content=敢试么, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f8421645238, createdName=qingfeiyuyu, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 12:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40217, encodeId=62e44021e2d, content=可以看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG5627B03B7A49C7641.jpg, createdBy=cc6e1657094, createdName=风中云追忆, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 10:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-22 三三五五

    可怜

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40330, encodeId=78d2403307e, content=可怜, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 22:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40269, encodeId=809a4026945, content=没有医生盯着谁敢吃, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG562795A9BB09E1503.jpg, createdBy=52b31658114, createdName=winter9345, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 13:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40249, encodeId=49f3402496e, content=不错嘛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=206, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 12:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40241, encodeId=48524024105, content=敢试么, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f8421645238, createdName=qingfeiyuyu, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 12:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40217, encodeId=62e44021e2d, content=可以看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG5627B03B7A49C7641.jpg, createdBy=cc6e1657094, createdName=风中云追忆, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 10:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-22 winter9345

    没有医生盯着谁敢吃

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40330, encodeId=78d2403307e, content=可怜, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 22:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40269, encodeId=809a4026945, content=没有医生盯着谁敢吃, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG562795A9BB09E1503.jpg, createdBy=52b31658114, createdName=winter9345, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 13:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40249, encodeId=49f3402496e, content=不错嘛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=206, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 12:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40241, encodeId=48524024105, content=敢试么, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f8421645238, createdName=qingfeiyuyu, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 12:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40217, encodeId=62e44021e2d, content=可以看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG5627B03B7A49C7641.jpg, createdBy=cc6e1657094, createdName=风中云追忆, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 10:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-22 owlhealth

    不错嘛

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40330, encodeId=78d2403307e, content=可怜, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 22:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40269, encodeId=809a4026945, content=没有医生盯着谁敢吃, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG562795A9BB09E1503.jpg, createdBy=52b31658114, createdName=winter9345, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 13:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40249, encodeId=49f3402496e, content=不错嘛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=206, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 12:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40241, encodeId=48524024105, content=敢试么, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f8421645238, createdName=qingfeiyuyu, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 12:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40217, encodeId=62e44021e2d, content=可以看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG5627B03B7A49C7641.jpg, createdBy=cc6e1657094, createdName=风中云追忆, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 10:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-22 qingfeiyuyu

    敢试么

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40330, encodeId=78d2403307e, content=可怜, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=146, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 22:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40269, encodeId=809a4026945, content=没有医生盯着谁敢吃, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=154, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG562795A9BB09E1503.jpg, createdBy=52b31658114, createdName=winter9345, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 13:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40249, encodeId=49f3402496e, content=不错嘛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=206, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 12:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40241, encodeId=48524024105, content=敢试么, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f8421645238, createdName=qingfeiyuyu, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 12:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=40217, encodeId=62e44021e2d, content=可以看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151021/IMG5627B03B7A49C7641.jpg, createdBy=cc6e1657094, createdName=风中云追忆, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 10:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-22 风中云追忆

    可以看看

    0

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