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Nat Genet:POT1基因突变与黑色素瘤相关

2014-04-07 MedSci MedSci原创

    40%的家族性黑色素瘤患者往往有CDKN2A突变;另外与黑色素瘤相关的其它一些罕见突变还包括:CDK4, BRCA2, BAP1,TERT启动子等均有关系。最新一项研究又发现端粒酶1基因保护因子(POT1)缺失,也可能是家族性恶性黑色素瘤的关键基因。    在英国,每年有近1.2万人被诊断罹患黑色素瘤。每20名黑色素瘤患者中就有1人具有明显

    40%的家族性黑色素瘤患者往往有CDKN2A突变;另外与黑色素瘤相关的其它一些罕见突变还包括:CDK4, BRCA2, BAP1,TERT启动子等均有关系。最新一项研究又发现端粒酶1基因保护因子(POT1)缺失,也可能是家族性恶性黑色素瘤的关键基因。

    在英国,每年有近1.2万人被诊断罹患黑色素瘤。每20名黑色素瘤患者中就有1人具有明显的疾病家族史。确切地找到这些患者中驱动疾病发展的遗传突变,皮肤病学家们可以此鉴别出应加入到黑色素瘤监测计划中的人群。

    该研究小组发现,携带POT1基因特异突变的人们极有可能形成黑色素瘤。这些突变导致了保护我们的染色体末端免受损伤的POT1基因失活。

    论文的共同资深作者、Wellcome Trust Sanger研究所David Adams博士说:“基因组学正处在转变健康护理系统的边缘——这一研究突显了通过基因组研究可以获得潜在临床利益,为改善患者的护理和疾病治疗提供一些 潜在的策略。利用这一研究发现,我们应该可以确定家族中的哪些成员有罹患这一疾病的风险,哪些人应该接受定期筛查实现早期检测。”

    已知的一些遗传突变导致了约40%的遗传性黑色素瘤事件。该研究小组通过对因未知突变造成遗传性黑色素瘤的184名患者的基因组进行测序,着手鉴别了导致其余60%遗传性黑色素瘤的突变。

    他们发现,这些突变引起POT1失活导致了更长并有可能不受保护的端粒。利兹大学癌症和病理学研究所所长Tim Bishop教授说:“这一研究发现大大增进了我们对于某些家庭为何具有高黑色素瘤发病率这一原因的认识。由于以往已确定了这一基因是新药开发的一个靶 点,在未来,早期检测将有可能推动更好地治疗这一疾病。”

    该研究小组还发现,还有一些其他的家族性癌症例如白血病和脑肿瘤携带这些遗传性突变。看起来失活POT1基因的突变有可能不仅是黑色素瘤,也是其他癌症的基础。

    论文的共同资深作者、利兹大学Julia Newton Bishop教授说:“我们的研究正在改变对于黑色素瘤致病原因以及最终如何预防和治疗黑色素瘤的理解,提供了一个很好的例子表明基因组学是如何改变公共 健康的。没有来自罹患这些毁灭性的、遗传性黑色素瘤家庭的帮助和包容,这一研究将无法完成。”

    该研究小组目前正在致力开发携带失活POT1基因的细胞和小鼠。未来将利用它们来检测科改变端粒代谢的潜在药物疗法。

    英国癌症研究所的科技信息沟通专员Safia Danovi说:“对于具有明显黑色素瘤家族史的人们这是重要的一步。对于我们大多数人来说,重要的是要记住避免晒伤,太阳伞是减少这一疾病风险的最好方式。”

原始出处:

Robles-Espinoza CD, Harland M, Ramsay AJ, Aoude LG, Quesada V, Ding Z, Pooley KA, Pritchard AL, Tiffen JC, Petljak M, Palmer JM, Symmons J, Johansson P, Stark MS, Gartside MG, Snowden H, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Liu JZ, Choi J, Makowski M, Brown KM, Dunning AM, Keane TM, López-Otín C, Gruis NA, Hayward NK, Bishop DT, Newton-Bishop JA, Adams DJ.POT1 loss-of-function variants predispose to familial melanoma.Nat Genet. 2014 Mar 30. doi: 10.1038/ng.2947.

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    2014-10-11 sunylz
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    2014-12-07 canlab
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    2015-01-13 zhzhxiang
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    2014-08-31 cy0324
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    2015-01-26 liye789132251
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