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日本的细胞生物学泰斗被证实学术不端

2017-08-04 佚名 环球医学

近日,被誉为细胞生物学泰斗的Yoshinori Watanabe被曝出5篇文章有学术不端行为,且被日本东京大学证实,深深震惊了整个细胞分裂研究学术界。

日本对待学术不端的态度不可谓不严厉,可仍有学者在巨大的名利诱惑之下铤而走险,其中不乏已经功成名就的学术权威。近日,被誉为细胞生物学泰斗的Yoshinori Watanabe被曝出5篇文章有学术不端行为,且被日本东京大学证实,深深震惊了整个细胞分裂研究学术界。

Yoshinori Watanabe为东京大学的细胞生物学家,该校最权威的学者之一。其有着非常多的重大研究成果,这些研究成果被重复、验证、确认,为我们认识细胞分裂打下了基础。

日本东京大学调查发现,Yoshinori Watanabe在5篇文章中存在学术不端,并且实验室里另一名前成员也被发现存在同样问题。据Yoshinori Watanabe同事爆料,虽然校方还未采取实际行动,但Yoshinori Watanabe实验室成员已经全部离职,Yoshinori Watanabe本人申请的基金也没了,其曾经辉煌无比的职业生涯就此轰然崩溃。

2016年8月和9月的时候,东京大学收到匿名指控称,6个实验室的22篇文章涉嫌数据造假,Yoshinori Watanabe实验室为其中之一,随后日本东京大学展开调查。同年8月1日,东京大学发布新闻会声称,5个实验室被证实学术不端,但Yoshinori Watanabe不存在这样的行为。

今年5月,东京大学调查委员会完成了为期8个月的调查,进行澄清:另外5个研究组没有问题,他们都来自附属医院,但Yoshinori Watanabe分子细胞生物研究所却有5篇文章的16幅图片存在“不当处理”,包括图片修改,以及统计图表的数据明显不是来自所汇报的实验等。东京大学调查委员会允许Yoshinori Watanabe提起申诉。

Yoshinori Watanabe于6月在网上发布了他的声明,承认了那5篇论文有问题,其中的几幅图片意在展示该实验中是哪几个蛋白在参与,都是在“不同的成像条件下获取”或者经过“不恰当处理”,同时还将几个不同的数据拼凑到一张图中。

但是,Yoshinori Watanabe坚称这些修改并不是要故意欺骗,也不影响文章的主体结果。《Nature》杂志询问了Yoshinori Watanabe一些同行的看法,有些专家表示接受Yoshinori Watanabe的解释:弗吉尼亚理工大学的细胞生物学家Daniela Cimini表示,很难想象这类失误是由故意欺骗科学社群或伪造数据所驱使的。但来麻省理工的细胞生物学家Angelika Amon则质疑道,如果这些数据是捏造的,那还关心结论是对还是错干什么?学术不应该存在灰色地带,篡改数据就是学术不端。

东京大学调查还发现,在Yoshinori Watanabe实验室里故意让数据看起来可靠的现象非常普遍。一位不愿透露姓名的Yoshinori Watanabe实验室前成员称,Yoshinori Watanabe甚至亲自教他实验室里的成员如何动手脚让数据看起来更“完美”,前实验室助理教授Yuji Tanno的文章里也发现同样的问题。

东大的一名调查委员会成员建议Yoshinori Watanabe撤回或者修改文章,Yoshinori Watanabe已经修正了一篇发表在《EMBO Reportsed》的文章。Yoshinori Watanabe声称他也在考虑是否撤回一篇2015年发在《Science》含有12张数据需要修正的文章。同时,Yoshinori Watanabe没有回复《Nature》新闻组给他写的要求就东京大学的指控给予评论的邮件。

今年8月1日,他在实验室主页上就他的所作所为道歉和重申这些篡改并不影响实验的主体结果。《Science》的发言人表示杂志社正在联系Yoshinori Watanabe,希望他尽快解决问题,然而针对他两篇发表在《Nature》的文章未得到他的回应。

东京大学表示他们还需要调查一下Yoshinori Watanabe的其他文章再决定要如何处罚Yoshinori Watanabe。即使尚未进行处罚,仅仅调查已经让Yoshinori Watanabe的职业支离破碎。

涉嫌造假的5篇文章:

Kagami, A. et al. EMBO Rep. 12, 1189–1195 (2011).

Tanno, Y. et al. Science 349, 1237–1240 (2015).

Yamagishi, Y., Honda, T., Tanno, Y. & Watanabe, Y. Science 330, 239–243 (2010).

Yamagishi, Y., Sakuno, T., Shimura, M. & Watanabe, Y. Nature 455, 251–255 (2008).

Tada, K., Susumu, H., Sakuno, T. & Watanabe, Y.? Nature 474, 477–483 (2011).

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    2017-08-05 189****7206

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日本被称为是艾滋病毒流行率较低的国家,其艾滋病主要集中在高风险群体中流行。然而,目前尚未确定日本是否符合联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署(艾滋病规划署)/世界卫生组织(卫生组织)制定的90-90-90目标。此外,到目前为止,还没有被检查HIV的护理级联。根据卫生劳动和福利部的法律报告,减去离开日本的外国人的人数(n = 2,273)和死亡人数(n = 2321),从累积诊断报告(n = 27,43

日本积极推进异体细胞移植临床计划

在日本,为了使利用从其他人身上取下的皮肤等组织制成再生医疗产品迈向实用化,临床计划纷纷涌现。来自企业和大学等 3 个机构计划在 2017 年度实施这些计划。如果取得成功,将大幅降低治疗成本,有望推动再生医疗的普及。

日本医护人员的疲惫人生

过劳”虽然早已是中国医生的职场常态,但与日本医生相比较起来,明显是不在一个水平上。日本医生的劳动强度相对于中国医生有过之而无不及。日本最新公布的一项涉及10万从医人员的大调查显示,最忙的20~30岁日本医护人员每周平均工作时间55小时。令人惊讶的是日本民众的反应,这点强度真的有点提不上台面。但医务人员认为55小时有“水分”,不止这些。

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