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NATURE:多发性硬化症中髓鞘的动态生成

2019-01-26 海北 MedSci原创

少突胶质细胞将中枢神经系统中的神经纤维包裹在一层特化的细胞膜中,形成髓鞘。髓鞘在多发性硬化症中被免疫系统破坏,但髓鞘被认为可以再生,并且可以恢复神经功能。

少突胶质细胞将中枢神经系统中的神经纤维包裹在一层特化的细胞膜中,形成髓鞘。髓鞘在多发性硬化症中被免疫系统破坏,但髓鞘被认为可以再生,并且可以恢复神经功能。

在脱髓鞘疾病的动物模型中,髓鞘通过新生成的少突胶质细胞再生,并且剩余的成熟少突胶质细胞似乎不参与该过程。鉴于啮齿动物和人类之间少突胶质细胞生成和自适应髓鞘形成动力学的主要差异,目前尚不清楚实验动物模型如何反映人类多发性硬化症的情况。

最近,通过测量来自基因组DNA核试验的14C的整合,研究人员评估了多发性硬化患者中少突胶质细胞产生的动态。

在患有非常具有侵袭性的多发性硬化症的个体中,正常出现的白质中新的少突胶质细胞的产生增加了数倍,但在大多数患有该疾病的受试者中没有。这表明大多数患者中,没有少突胶质细胞新生的固有潜力。

阴影斑块中的少突胶质细胞 - 被认为代表髓鞘再生的薄髓鞘损伤区域 - 在患有多发性硬化症的患者中是原有的。在阴影斑块中缺少新的少突胶质细胞,这表明病变的髓鞘再生短暂或根本不发生,或者多发性硬化症中,髓鞘通过预先存在的,而非新的少突胶质细胞,再生。

因此,该研究表明,多发性硬化症中少突胶质细胞生成动态与预期不同,这可以指导当前的应用和新疗法的开发。


原始出处:

Yeung MSY et al. Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation in multiple sclerosis. NATURE, 2019; doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0842-3.


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    2019-02-28 liye789132251
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    2019-05-30 jml2009
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