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Nat Med:mitoTALENs技术能消除线粒体内DNA突变

2013-08-10 MedSci MedSci原创

   美国的研究人员开发出一种新方法来清除线粒体内的突变DNA,从而有望治疗多种线粒体病。据介绍,这也是TALENs技术首次用于线粒体基因的编辑。这项研究成果于8月4日在线发表在Nature Medicine上。     日前,迈阿密大学米勒医学院(University of Miami Miller School of Medicin

   美国的研究人员开发出一种新方法来清除线粒体内的突变DNA,从而有望治疗多种线粒体病。据介绍,这也是TALENs技术首次用于线粒体基因的编辑。这项研究成果于8月4日在线发表在Nature Medicine上(PDF文件下载)。

    日前,迈阿密大学米勒医学院(University of Miami Miller School of Medicine)的研究人员利用TAlENs技术首次清除线粒体内的突变DNA,以使得突变的线粒体DNA下降了,这项研究有望用于治疗母系遗传的线粒 体病。研究成果发表在Nature Medicine上。

    线粒体病通常是由突变的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)引起的,在大部分情况下它与野生型mtDNA共同存在,导致mtDNA异质性。常见的线粒体病包括线粒 体肌病、线粒体脑病和线粒体脑肌病,如Leber遗传性视神经病(LHON)。这种疾病的主要症状为视神经退行性病变,在男性中较多见。

    TALENs技术路线图


    TALENs清除突变的线粒体基因

    在这项研究中,迈阿密大学米勒医学院的研究人员探索了转录激活因子样(TAL)效应物,同时在寻找修复线粒体基因缺陷的新策略。他们尝试了TAL效应物核酸酶(TALENs)这种基因编辑的新方法。

    研究人员在实验室中使用细胞来设计线粒体靶向的TALENs(mitoTALENs),来结合并切割线粒体DNA,正是这段基因中的一个突变引起了 LHON.他们随后检测了mitoTALENs是否清除了mtDNA.分析结果表明,细胞中总的mtDNA暂时下降,这是由于突变mtDNA的下降。

    文章的通讯作者,神经和细胞生物学教授Carlos T. Moraes博士表示:"一旦mitoTALENs与特定靶点的DNA结合并切割,突变的mtDNA就被降解。总的mtDNA的下降刺激细胞通过复制未受 影响的分子来增加其mtDNA.两周之后,mtDNA水平恢复正常。但由于突变的mtDNA被破坏,细胞中大部分为正常的mtDNA."

    Moraes博士提到,清除细胞中的大部分但并非全部突变mtDNA已足以治疗多种线粒体病,因为只有当突变mtDNA占了80%以上时,它才会引起疾病的症状。研究人员计划下一步在动物中检验这种方法。

    TALENs是近年来发展迅速的编辑基因

    TALENs作为一种全新的基因组编辑工具,近年来引起了人们的极大兴趣。与ZFN相比,它更便宜,更高效,脱靶率低。利用这种技术,研究人员已经开发出多种疾病的动物模型,有助于疾病的分子机制研究。

    在研发TALENs技术过程中,科研人员发现来自植物病原菌Xanthomonas中的TAL蛋白核酸结合域的氨基酸序列与其靶位点的核酸序列有较恒定的 对应关系。利用此恒定对应关系,构建与核酸内切酶的融合蛋白,在特异位点打断目标基因组DNA序列,从而可在该位点进行DNA编辑修饰操作,比如 knock-out、knock-in、碱基替换、点突变或者基因修饰等。该技术能识别任意目标基因序列,不受上下游序列影响等问题,因此使得基因操作更 加简单方便。

原始出处:
Bacman SR, Williams SL, Pinto M, Peralta S, Moraes CT.Specific elimination of mutant mitochondrial genomes in patient-derived cells by mitoTALENs.Nat Med. 2013 Aug 4. doi: 10.1038/nm.3261
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    2014-02-17 gracezdd
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    2014-02-24 xugc
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    2014-03-12 liye789132251
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    子宫肌瘤是妇女常见的一种骨盆肿瘤,其在美国是妇女子宫切除的主要原因之一,来自布莱根妇女医院的研究者利用全基因组方法,首次发现了白人妇女子宫肌瘤的遗传风险等位基因,相关研究发现于10月4日刊登在了国际杂志The American Journal of Human Genetics上,这项研究或为子宫肌瘤的疗法提供思路和帮助。    

JGV:H5N1禽流感病毒只需发生较小突变就可高效复制

     研究人员说这些新的发现可能有助于开发出更加有效的疫苗来抵抗新的能够在人类之间传播的禽流感病毒毒株。   论文通信作者、伦敦帝国理工学院医学系教授Wendy Barclay说,“监控这些在禽类之间传播的病毒和预防它们在人类中爆发流行病的关键在于了解禽流感病毒为何在人鼻子中难以复制和理解使得这种复制能够发生的基因突变。”   “2012年发表的那些研究指出一种限制H5N1禽流

JASN:单一遗传突变或影响肾脏移植的成功率

刊登在国际杂志Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (JASN)上的一项研究揭示,肾脏捐献者其机体细胞的单一遗传突变或可决定器官移植是否成功,这项研究揭示了肾脏捐献者其遗传组成如何影响移植器官的成功比例,为提高器官移植成功率提供了帮助。 一个移植器官接受者必须长期服用免疫抑制药物来抑制新器官植入所带来的机体排斥度,但是许多药物存在严重的副作用

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