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NEJM:基因治疗让先天性失明患者重见光明,且长期有效

2016-05-07 MedSci MedSci原创

日前,在著名医学期刊《新英格兰医学》上发表的一项最新研究表明,基因疗法对一种罕见的遗传性失明患者的疗效可持续达四年之久。这一结果表明,基因疗法有望治疗由于常见的遗传原因造成的视力减退,包括黄斑变性和视网膜色素变性等。这项研究的对象是无脉络膜症(Choroideremia)的患者。无脉络膜症是由于CHM基因突变所造成的,患者视网膜中的感光细胞逐步死亡,大多在中年时完全失明。目前对这种遗传病尚无有效的

日前,在著名医学期刊《新英格兰医学》上发表的一项最新研究表明,基因疗法对一种罕见的遗传性失明患者的疗效可持续达四年之久。这一结果表明,基因疗法有望治疗由于常见的遗传原因造成的视力减退,包括黄斑变性和视网膜色素变性等。

这项研究的对象是无脉络膜症(Choroideremia)的患者。无脉络膜症是由于CHM基因突变所造成的,患者视网膜中的感光细胞逐步死亡,大多在中年时完全失明。目前对这种遗传病尚无有效的治疗方法。在2014年进行了初步结果总结(Lancet:基因治疗无脉络膜症临床研究获进展(Phase 1/2)

但是,这种遗传病缓慢的病发过程给患者留下了一线希望,那就是可以用基因疗法在视网膜还没有受到很大损伤的时候进行介入治疗——用设计出来的正常DNA替换病人细胞中的缺陷DNA,从而修复基因缺陷。

在这项研究中,英国牛津大学的研究人员将百亿个携带着正常CHM基因拷贝的腺相关病毒(AAV)载体注射到六名患者单个眼球的视网膜感光细胞中。在经过四年对这六名患者的追踪调查后,研究人员发现其中两名患者的视力得到明显改善,且疗效持续了四年之久,而他们未接受治疗另一只眼睛的视力则在缓慢衰退。另外三名患者接受治疗眼的视力在四年中没有衰退。只有一名患者接受治疗眼的视力有较明显的衰退,而正是这名患者接受了较低剂量的治疗性病毒载体。

接受这种基因疗法的第一例病人Jonathan Wyatt现在已经68岁了,他从20岁开始视力就产生了问题。在接受治疗前,他只能读出视力检查表上23个字母,而在接受基因疗法三年半后他能读出44个字母。他感到自己非常幸运:“这次治疗让我变得更加独立。如果没有它,我现在恐怕要敲着白色的盲人枴杖,更多时候会待在家里。”

这项研究的负责人、英国牛津大学的Robert MacLaren教授说:“近来人们对基因疗法的疗效能否长期保持产生了疑问。而我们的研究提供了确凿的证据,表明一次携带正常基因的病毒载体注射所产生的疗效可以持续很长时间。”

 

为这项研究提供资金的威康信托基金会(Wellcome Trust)的创新总监Stephen Caddick博士说:“永久性地恢复遗传失明患者的视力是一个非常了不起的医学成就。这是我们第一次看到只经过一轮治疗就有望永久性地改变视力。这是向把基因疗法作为病人常规护理一部分的新时代迈出的重要一步。”

腺相关病毒载体是基因治疗的重要武器,取得不错的进展。在先天性黑蒙症中也取得不错的作用,见NEJM:基因治疗对利伯氏先天性黑蒙症长期效果、血友病(NEJM:严重血友病的基因疗法)(NEJM:基因治疗成功用于B型血友病)、LPLD(uniQue公布基因疗法Glybera 6年随访积极数据)。不过在有些疾病中也没有看到明显效果,如Lancet:暂未发现基因治疗心衰的有益证据(CUPID 2研究)。

在基因治疗的方法学中,除AAV病毒载体外,慢病毒载体,以及基因编辑技术也有一定的进展,如Sci Transl Med:慢病毒基因治疗终获突破。基因编辑技术进展更快(Nature Biotechnol:基因治疗应用CRISPR/Cas9治疗肝脏疾病),未来将很快进入临床。

原始出处:

Edwards TL, Jolly JK, Groppe M, Barnard AR, Cottriall CL, Tolmachova T, Black GC, Webster AR, Lotery AJ, Holder GE, Xue K, Downes SM, Simunovic MP, Seabra MC, MacLaren RE. Visual Acuity after Retinal Gene Therapy for Choroideremia. N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 27

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=126751, encodeId=137f126e51c0, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 14 14:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369237, encodeId=8e1f136923e74, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bc9f28589d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#先天性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28589, encryptionId=bc9f28589d0, topicName=先天性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a435298, createdName=huirong, createdTime=Mon May 09 02:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84841, encodeId=c6f484841cf, content=学习了,很好的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=189, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160509/IMG572FCF18A71237916.jpg, createdBy=d0861720708, createdName=stead, createdTime=Mon May 09 00:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84842, encodeId=7b6884842b8, content=真的是很神奇的东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160509/IMG572FCF18A71237916.jpg, createdBy=d0861720708, createdName=stead, createdTime=Mon May 09 00:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84591, encodeId=4d538459162, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=218, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Sat May 07 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84592, encodeId=a4db845926f, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Sat May 07 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84496, encodeId=a6ad8449613, content=好神奇……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat May 07 16:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84470, encodeId=a1fd844e076, content=太诱人了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sat May 07 12:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-14 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章不错,值得拜读

    0

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    2016-05-09 huirong
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    2016-05-09 stead

    学习了,很好的

    0

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    2016-05-09 stead

    真的是很神奇的东西

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=126751, encodeId=137f126e51c0, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 14 14:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369237, encodeId=8e1f136923e74, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bc9f28589d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#先天性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28589, encryptionId=bc9f28589d0, topicName=先天性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a435298, createdName=huirong, createdTime=Mon May 09 02:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84841, encodeId=c6f484841cf, content=学习了,很好的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=189, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160509/IMG572FCF18A71237916.jpg, createdBy=d0861720708, createdName=stead, createdTime=Mon May 09 00:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84842, encodeId=7b6884842b8, content=真的是很神奇的东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160509/IMG572FCF18A71237916.jpg, createdBy=d0861720708, createdName=stead, createdTime=Mon May 09 00:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84591, encodeId=4d538459162, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=218, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Sat May 07 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84592, encodeId=a4db845926f, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Sat May 07 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84496, encodeId=a6ad8449613, content=好神奇……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat May 07 16:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84470, encodeId=a1fd844e076, content=太诱人了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sat May 07 12:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-07 李继凯

    文章不错

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=126751, encodeId=137f126e51c0, content=文章不错,值得拜读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 14 14:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369237, encodeId=8e1f136923e74, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bc9f28589d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#先天性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28589, encryptionId=bc9f28589d0, topicName=先天性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a435298, createdName=huirong, createdTime=Mon May 09 02:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84841, encodeId=c6f484841cf, content=学习了,很好的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=189, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160509/IMG572FCF18A71237916.jpg, createdBy=d0861720708, createdName=stead, createdTime=Mon May 09 00:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84842, encodeId=7b6884842b8, content=真的是很神奇的东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160509/IMG572FCF18A71237916.jpg, createdBy=d0861720708, createdName=stead, createdTime=Mon May 09 00:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84591, encodeId=4d538459162, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=218, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Sat May 07 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84592, encodeId=a4db845926f, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Sat May 07 21:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84496, encodeId=a6ad8449613, content=好神奇……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat May 07 16:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=84470, encodeId=a1fd844e076, content=太诱人了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Sat May 07 12:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-07 李继凯

    值得学习

    0

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    2016-05-07 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    好神奇……

    0

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    2016-05-07 lyh994

    太诱人了!

    0

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