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回顾ASCO2016:乳腺癌领域3大亮点解读

2016-06-17 潇潇 医学界肿瘤频道

ASCO大会三阴性乳腺癌及乳腺外科领域的热点体会。

在2016年6月3号~7号召开的ASCO年会上,由复旦大学附属肿瘤医院邵志敏教授团队主持的 CBCSG010临床试验入围本次ASCO的壁报讨论环节。

昨天,记者采访了刚从ASCO大会归来的复旦大学附属肿瘤医院乳腺外科的李俊杰医生,李医生给我们介绍了这项研究的细节,并分享了他对此次ASCO大会三阴性乳腺癌及乳腺外科领域的热点体会。

TNBC辅助化疗新选择:纳入卡培他滨或将改善患者无复发生存

三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)是指免疫组化标记ER、PR、Her-2均为阴性的乳腺癌,占所有乳腺癌的10%~15%,多发于年轻女性,由于没有有效的靶点,治疗手段有限,辅助治疗主要依靠化疗。目前标准的辅助化疗方案为含蒽环及紫衫类的药物。

由复旦大学附属肿瘤医院邵志敏教授团队主持的CBCSG010临床试验是一项针对TNBC患者辅助化疗方案的大规模III期临床研究。该研究一共纳入了全国35家中心,筛选了636例早期三阴性乳腺癌术后患者,在标准蒽环及紫衫方案基础上加用卡培他滨的新方案(3周期卡培他滨联合多西紫杉醇方案序贯3周期环磷酰胺、表阿霉素和卡培他滨)较标准方案(3周期多西紫杉醇方案序贯3周期环磷酰胺、表阿霉素、氟尿嘧啶方案)相比,其安全性及耐受性均较好,随访30个月的结果显示联合卡培他滨能降低43%的复发风险(HR为0.57)。

李俊杰医生向我们介绍道,CBCSG-10研究是目前在Clinical Trial数据库中查询到的国际唯一一个正在进行的验证卡培他滨在TNBC辅助化疗疗效的临床试验。TNBC患者术后2~3年是一个复发高峰,此次中位随访时间为30个月,已经显示联合卡培他滨治疗组能改善患者无复发生存率。但这仍然是一个早期探索性分析结果,最终的5年随访结果大约会在2018年6月份出炉。让我们一起期待最终的研究结果。

谈到今年ASCO大会上TNBC领域的其他看点,李医生表示,大会中有不少关于TNBC有效靶点和免疫治疗这些方面的探索,但都尚在临床试验阶段,对肿瘤科医生而言,目前的临床实践重点在优化化疗方案上,而紫杉联合蒽环的化疗方案仍旧是一个经典。

初诊Ⅳ期乳腺癌患者,首选全身治疗还是手术治疗?

对于初诊为Ⅳ期的转移性乳腺癌,原发病灶有没有必要进行手术干预?首选全身治疗还是手术治疗?在这个问题上,美国的TBCRC013研究结果和土耳其的MF07-01研究结果互相冲突,引发热点讨论和争议。

美国的TBCRC 013 是一项多中心前瞻性研究,主要评价 IV 期的乳腺癌患者原发灶手术治疗对生存期的影响。研究发现,无论属于乳腺癌哪种分型(ER/HER2),对化疗有反应者接受手术治疗与不接受手术相比,其生存期均无明显改变,也就是说手术治疗在全身治疗获益的情况下可能并不能提高晚期乳腺癌患者的预后。

而土耳其MF07-01研究结果刚好相反:手术处理原发灶之后再进行系统治疗与单纯系统治疗相比,前者的中位生存期更长,研究组认为对IV 期乳腺癌患者先进行原发灶手术干预的效果较好。

如何解释这两个截然相反的研究结果呢?李俊杰医生表示,先手术再全身治疗的做法能够减轻肿瘤负荷、减少耐药株的出现,可能有一定的临床意义,然而目前在肿瘤医院,普遍的晚期乳腺癌治疗方案是全身治疗为主、外科为辅的治疗原则,需要根据患者对全身治疗的反应情况评估后续的治疗方案,一味先手术治疗不可取,而原发灶手术干预的时机还需要个体化的探讨。

1-2枚前哨淋巴结阳性的保乳患者不需行腋窝淋巴结清扫

在此前,著名的ACOSOG Z0011研究结果已经显示,对于肿瘤分期为T1-2 N0 M0且术中活检发现有1-2枚前哨淋巴结阳性的乳腺癌保乳患者,如不接受淋巴结清扫,仅行乳腺放疗和辅助性系统性治疗,其总生存期(OS)和无疾病生存期(DFS)并不比接受腋窝淋巴结清扫(ALND)的患者差。

此次ASCO大会上,洛杉矶西奈医疗中心的 Giuliano 团队进一步分析了 ACOSOG Z0011 乳腺癌患者的 10 年生存情况,结果与早期试验结果一致,即肿瘤分期为T1-2 N0 M0且伴有1-2枚前哨淋巴结(SN)阳性患者接受ALND的生存结果并不优于不清扫的患者。

李俊杰医生表示,目前1-2枚前哨淋巴结阳性的乳腺癌患者不进行补充淋巴结清扫已经成为肿瘤医院的常规处理原则,这一结果的公布更加确证了该原则的可靠性,将对临床有指导意义。
乳腺癌相关的拓展阅读:

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    2017-02-24 quxin068
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    2016-06-18 沉心多思

    好文章,值得学习

    0

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    2016-06-17 JBY

    女人的天敌

    0

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    2016-06-17 Jallylable

    0

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    2016-06-17 text

    不知道没什么

    0

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