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Breast:乳腺癌诊疗指南比较:ESMO V.S NCCN

2015-04-14 Zhang JL译 MedSci原创

一项对两个世界上最著名的肿瘤组织——美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)和欧洲医学肿瘤学会(ESMO)所发布的乳腺癌指南的对比,揭示了两者间“实质性的一致”,但也有很多“不符点”。该项报告的作者、希腊雅典大学亚历山大拉医院Flora Zagouri博士说,大部分的差异是存在于“灰色地带”(正在进行的研究可以解决的问题)或“当前无可争辩的知识边缘”。尽管该报告作者都是欧洲人,但他们并没有单纯依据指南或欧

一项对两个世界上最著名的肿瘤组织——美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)和欧洲医学肿瘤学会(ESMO)所发布的乳腺癌指南的对比,揭示了两者间“实质性的一致”,但也有很多“不符点”。该项报告的作者、希腊雅典大学亚历山大拉医院 Flora Zagouri博士说,大部分的差异是存在于“灰色地带”(正在进行的研究可以解决的问题)或“当前无可争辩的知识边缘”。


尽管该报告作者都是欧洲人,但他们并没有单纯依据指南或欧洲组织的说法。相反,他们认为NCCN是采取“以一个更直接的方式新的治疗策略。”另一方面,他们认为“ESMO采取的是更为保守的方法”。

在乳腺癌筛查、遗传风险评估、手术、系统性治疗、放射治疗和随访方面,两个指南存在差异。NCCN指南大多数从2014年开始实施,而ESMO指南大多数从2013年开始。

Zagouri博士和她的合作者指出:“ESMO和NCCN指南的根本差异在于表述方面。”

部分指南的差异是众所周知的,比如NCCN推每年筛查性的乳房钼靶检查(至少从40岁到70岁),而ESMO则“没有明确的建议”。“ESMO指南是综述的形式,读者需要对数据进行总结和解读,”他们解释说,“相比之下,NCCN指南则是基于数据所提出的建议。”

差别举例

两个指南之间的其中一点“主要”差异在于遗传风险评估。

例如,ESMO指南只推荐测试BRCA突变,而NCCN指南“考虑广泛的不同的基因突变。” NCCN中指出,有证据表明更广泛的基因组筛查测试有意义。

“我们这些年来观察到,因为基因检测BRCA1/2成为可能,很多家庭的把关注点放在了BRCA相关的癌症发生上,而事实上这两个基因突变阴性并不代表疾病就不会发生。”NCCN小组主席、费城福克斯蔡斯癌症中心Mary Daly博士和副主席、哥伦布俄亥俄州立大学综合癌症中心Robert Pilarski博士共同指出。

“其他基因突变的检测在这些家庭中的肿瘤表型评估作用已经成熟,因此我们认为为这些家庭成员提供测试额外的基因是很重要的,这样他们就可以有更多降低患病风险的选择”他们说。

两人列举了两个例子说明除BRCA1/2之外的基因检测。

NCCN建议检测PTEN基因,因其能显著增加乳腺癌和其他癌症的患病风险。而p53基因,则能评估早发性乳腺癌和几种罕见癌症的患病风险。

此外,ESMO与NCCN之间在乳腺癌的手术治疗策略上也存在差异。腋窝分期就是其中最突出的一点。

NCCN指南说,该分期可以用于特别有利的肿瘤患者、老年人、有严重并发症的患者以及分期不影响辅助治疗的患者。但ESMO并没有阐述这一问题。

同样地,ESMO并没有定义称什么样的分期接受系统的新辅助治疗。但NCCN要求当最初的超声波和细针穿刺活检/核心活检出现阴性时,进行前哨淋巴结活检。此外,NCCN指出当淋巴结活检阳性时应进行腋窝淋巴结清扫。

两个指南在对使用放疗的建议上存在不少矛盾的地方。例如,对于加速部分乳腺照射(APBI)的应用有相当大的年龄差异。NCCN建议APBI只适用于淋巴结阴性、60岁及以上单个独立病灶疾病的女性患者;ESMO则允许在50年以上的女性使用。

在乳腺癌患者的随访要求方面,ESMO和NCCN指南有“重大”差异,围绕关于实验室检查和影像学检查的最优间隔问题。

NCCN指出乳房钼靶检查随访的时间间隔应该是每12个月,而ESMO则为每1到2年。总的来说,NCCN“不推荐”实验室检查,但ESMO则指出通过血常规检查监测患者接受内分泌治疗的情况。ESMO“不推荐”乳腺癌幸存者使用激素替代疗法,但NCCN并未提及这一点。ESMO推荐年轻患者,特别是那些高乳腺密度或具有遗传/家族病史的患者,但NCCN则没有定义MRI在这类人群随访中的作用。
 
原始出处:

Zagouri F1, Liakou P2, Bartsch R3, Peccatori FA4, Tsigginou A5, Dimitrakakis C6, Zografos GC2, Dimopoulos MA1, Azim HA Jr7.Discrepancies between ESMO and NCCN breast cancer guidelines: An appraisal.Breast. 2015 Mar 24. pii: S0960-9776(15)00057-0. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2015.02.031. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2015-05-27 liuhuangbo
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    2015-04-16 zhang92560
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    2015-04-16 zhaojie88

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大约90%的乳腺癌可以通过磁共振成像(MRI) 明确诊断。相比之下,乳房钼靶检查结合超声检查对乳腺癌的检出率仅为37.5%。这是一个最新发表在Journal of Clinical Oncology杂志上研究的关键发现。该项研究由维也纳医科大学的放射科、核医学科与妇产科和临床病理学研究所联合进行。“在有丝毫怀疑的情况下,尤其是对于风险增加的女性,显然核磁共振是可取的选择。我们的研究清楚地显示了磁共

Genome Med:科学家揭示开发乳腺癌新型疗法的靶向基因的特殊突变

发表自国际杂志Genome Medicine上的一篇研究论文中,来自斯坦福大学的研究人员通过研究发现,被认为可以作为开发乳腺癌药物靶点的主要候选基因或许并不像最初认为的那样;基因PIK3CA的突变是乳腺癌中常见的第二大突变,而且其在20%的乳腺癌中都存在;这就使得人们去思考这些改变如何诱发导致乳腺癌的发生,然而这些突变往往在肿瘤状物的癌变前生长中出现,而且许多这种肿瘤状物都被认为是良性的。文章中,

Lancet Oncol:“顺铂联姻化疗”可延长复发转移乳腺癌患者生命

由复旦大学附属肿瘤医院联合全国12家研究中心完成的一项原创性临床研究——吉西他滨联合顺铂的化疗方案,可显著延长转移性三阴性乳腺癌患者的生存期。相关研究成果日前发表于《柳叶刀—肿瘤学》。 该院胡夕春教授、张剑医生等自2011年起,将240名年龄分布在18岁~70岁、病程处于复发转移阶段且未行化疗的三阴性乳腺癌患者,随机分成“吉西他滨联合顺铂”(以下简称顺铂组)和“吉西他滨联合紫杉醇”(以下简称紫杉

JCO:三分之一乳腺癌患者对基因突变风险表示担忧

密歇根大学综合癌症中心的一项新研究发现,被诊断出患有乳腺癌的很多女性担心自己患其他癌症的风险以及亲人患癌症的可能性。该项研究结果在线发表在最新一期 Journal of Clinical Oncology 杂志上。研究指出,总体而言,35%患有乳腺癌的女性对基因检测表达强烈愿望,但当中的43%女性并没有与相关卫生保健专业人士对此进行讨论。研究还发现,尽管并没有研究表明

JAMA:别一刀切!不同BRCA突变致乳腺癌和卵巢癌风险不同

2013年5月,美国著名影星安吉丽娜.茱莉在《纽约时报》撰文,说她由于携带BRCA1基因突变而预防性切除了双侧乳腺,近期又有消息称她将切除双侧输卵管以预防卵巢癌。BRCA是抑癌基因,在调节细胞复制、DNA损伤修复、细胞正常生长方面有重要作用;如果BRCA基因突变,就丧失了抑制肿瘤发生的功能。BRCA突变类型达数百种之多,与人体的很多癌症的发生都有关系,其中关系最密切者是乳腺癌,其次是卵巢癌。然而,

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