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Nature:研究人员发现可能有助于预防阿尔茨海默病的信号分子

2021-07-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

一部分星形胶质细胞试图通过释放一种叫做白细胞介素 3 (IL-3) 的分子将杀伤性小胶质细胞转化为不再消灭神经元而是专注于清除淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和tau 缠结。

神经胶质细胞生态系统内的通信对于神经元和大脑健康至关重要但是神经胶质细胞对阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 患者大脑中 β-淀粉样蛋白 (Aβ) 和神经原纤维 tau 的积累和清除的影响知之甚少,尽管人们越来越意识到这些是治疗上重要的相互作用

发表在《自然》杂志上由马萨诸塞州综合医院 (MGH) 的研究人员领导一项研究确定了一种特殊的信号分子该信号分子可以帮助改变炎症和免疫系统以预防阿尔茨海默病研究发现一部分星形胶质细胞试图通过释放一种叫做白细胞介素 3 (IL-3) 的分子将杀伤性小胶质细胞转化为不再消灭神经元而是专注于清除淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和tau 缠结

当神经元开始死亡时,与阿尔茨海默病相关的认知能力下降。神经元死亡可能是由不当的免疫反应和过度的神经炎症或大脑炎症引起的,由高水平的淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和 tau 缠结引发

“一旦神经元开始大量死亡,称为小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的脑细胞——它们通常是清理碎片的培养细胞——就会被激活以引起神经炎症,以保护大脑。它们在进化上被编程为消灭大脑区域神经元细胞死亡过多,因为它可能是由于感染引起的,必须阻止其传播,

在阿尔茨海默病的情况下,淀粉样蛋白 β 沉积物和 tau 缠结引起的神经元细胞死亡激活了这种反应。随着神经炎症的发生,细胞死亡的数量至少是由斑块和缠结引起的死亡数量的 10 倍。所以阻止神经炎症的进展很关键!

 该研究结果发现星形胶质细胞来源的白细胞介素 3 (IL-3) 编程小胶质细胞可以改善 AD 的进展星形胶质细胞组成性地产生 IL-3,它引发小胶质细胞的转录、形态和功能编程,赋予它们急性免疫反应程序、增强的运动性以及聚集和清除 Aβ 和 tau 聚集体的能力。这些变化限制了 AD 病理和认知能力下降。研究员将 IL-3 确定为星形胶质细胞 - 小胶质细胞串扰的关键介质和 AD 治疗干预的节点。

“知道星形胶质细胞通过 IL-3 与小胶质细胞对话以教育小胶质细胞并帮助它们降低阿尔茨海默病的严重程度,这可能具有重要的临床意义,”Swirski 说。“我们现在可以考虑一下如何使用IL-3不仅有助于遏制了神经炎症--是进行神经元细胞死亡的阿尔茨海默氏病的大头,但也诱使小胶质细胞扫清Aβ 和 tau 聚集体

“在大脑中发现 IL-3 令人惊讶,”第一作者、系统生物学中心的讲师 Cameron McAlpine 博士说。“我们的研究结果表明,星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞之间通过 IL-3 的通讯是一种重要的机制,它可以通过指导小胶质细胞适应保护功能来预防阿尔茨海默病。随着进一步研究,IL-3 信号可能提供一个新的治疗机会来对抗神经系统疾病。

 

参考文献Astrocytic interleukin-3 programs microglia and limits Alzheimer's disease, Nature (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03734-6 , www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03734-6

 

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    2021-10-06 liye789132251
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香港科技大学28日宣布,该校领导的一支国际研究团队成功研发出简单可靠的血液检测方法,能及早筛查并识别阿尔茨海默病患者,准确率逾96%。

Alzheimers Dement:小血管病比阿尔茨海默病更能决定记忆力临床患者的扩散MRI改变

在记忆临床患者中,SVD对弥散改变的影响远远超过AD,支持扩散测量作为SVD标志物的价值。

Brain Connect:小脑在AD大脑连接变化中起着重要作用

小脑高代谢是阿尔茨海默病的一个强大的神经影像学特征。此外,小脑的高代谢与该区域介数中心性的增加有关,表明小脑在AD期间大脑连接变化中起着重要作用。

J Control Release:艾地苯醌纳米棒制剂治疗阿尔茨海默病的疗效好

IDBNRs在不同介质中具有快速释放活性药物和体外抗氧化能力

拓展阅读

Alzheimer's & Dementia:中国人群揭示阿尔茨海默病11个新候选基因及其潜在病理机制

研究鉴定了11个新的阿尔茨海默病候选基因,其中RABEP1的罕见变异p.R845W被确认会引起内吞障碍,并促进有毒淀粉样蛋白β的积累。候选基因与AD相关的认知功能和脑成像特征表现出显著关联。

Alzheimer’s & Dementia:阿尔茨海默病患者脑内CD83(+)小胶质细胞与IgG4、HCMV之间的复杂关系

在阿尔茨海默病患者中,CD83(+)小胶质细胞的存在与横结肠中IgG4和HCMV水平的升高密切相关,且这种关联在大脑皮层和迷走神经中也得到了验证。

多开车能防痴呆;公主童话都是“骗人的”;“临时抱佛脚”真有用 | BMJ圣诞特刊

本文介绍《英国医学杂志》2024 年圣诞特刊中几项有趣研究,涵盖多开车与阿尔茨海默病死亡率关系、童话公主健康风险、发热手套治手骨关节炎效果以及临床 “临时抱佛脚” 培训对插管成功率影响等内容。

Tau研究2024,由AD到糖尿病;靶向免疫疗法正在推进到临床

Tau研究领域正在不断扩展,涵盖了从基础分子机制到临床治疗的各个方面,尤其是精准治疗、早期诊断和免疫疗法的创新研究为未来治疗Tau相关疾病提供了新的希望。

吸烟、高血糖等多种因素均可激发Aβ异常;该靶点研究已经突破AD,走向更广阔领域(2024年大数据分析)

文章围绕 Aβ 展开,介绍其在阿尔茨海默病中的关键作用、研究热点,分析美国国立卫生研究院基金资助情况、论文质量增速,还对研究论文进行大数据分析,并提及经典论文和研究案例。

重新审视“主观认知下降”

文章介绍阿尔茨海默病和主观认知下降的关系,指出 SCD 是 AD 临床前期症状,阐述 SCD 的定义、诊断、筛查评估方法、诊断管理规范与推荐意见,还提及干预措施、现状问题和影像学作用。

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