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Dev Cell:北京大学宋艳研究组揭示神经干细胞命运锁定关键机制

2017-04-04 佚名 生物帮

近日,国际著名学术杂志《Cell》子刊《Developmental Cell》杂志在线发表了北京大学生命科学学院宋艳研究组题为“The super elongation complex (SEC) drives neural stem cell fate commitment” (超级转录延伸复合体驱动神经干细胞命运锁定)的最新研究成果,研究发现由神经干细胞不对称分裂最初建立的子细胞间的微小差异

近日,国际著名学术杂志《Cell》子刊《Developmental Cell》杂志在线发表了北京大学生命科学学院宋艳研究组题为“The super elongation complex (SEC) drives neural stem cell fate commitment” (超级转录延伸复合体驱动神经干细胞命运锁定)的最新研究成果,研究发现由神经干细胞不对称分裂最初建立的子细胞间的微小差异 (fate decision) 需要经过一个快速放大的阶段才能被最终锁定为两个截然不同的子细胞命运 (fate commitment),并揭示超级延伸复合物SEC通过一个“放大器 (amplifier) ”机制,驱动这一放大过程快速、精确、稳健地完成。研究被选为当期封面文章,同期还配发了国际著名发育生物学家Claude Desplan教授撰写的评述文章和亮点推荐:Asymmetric Notch Amplification to Secure Stem Cell Identity。博士生刘琨为论文的第一作者。生命科学学院宋艳研究员是该论文的通讯作者。



生物体内干细胞的自我复制和分化主要通过干细胞不对称分裂这一机制得以实现。干细胞自我更新与分化间精妙平衡的打破会引起组织稳态(homeostasis)失衡 ,进而导致发育缺陷和癌症发生。以往的研究已揭示干细胞如何通过不对称分裂实现二元子细胞命运决定,然而这一起始、微小的细胞间差异如何被及时放大,并固化、锁定为迥然不同且不可逆转的子细胞命运的分子调控机理却尚不清楚。

利用快速分裂的果蝇神经干细胞作为模型,宋艳研究组通过活体荧光成像追踪神经干细胞不对称分裂后细胞命运决定的全过程。他们惊奇地发现,神经干细胞的命运锁定并非一蹴而就,而是需要在干细胞不对称分裂结束后经历一个较漫长的、以往一直被忽略的重要过渡阶段。通过系统性、大规模的遗传筛选,他们发现在进化上高度保守的超级转录延伸复合体SEC在神经干细胞命运决定到锁定的这一新发现的过渡阶段中起着关键的“放大器”的作用。SEC是近年发现的一个促进基因快速转录表达的蛋白复合体,主要对基因转录延伸(transcription elongation)进行检验点调控(checkpoint control)。之前的研究表明它在动物早期发育、HIV病毒感染和癌症发生过程中起着重要作用。有趣的是,宋艳研究组发现SEC在果蝇神经干细胞中特异性高表达,通过与Notch信号通路之间直接、紧密的相互作用,形成意想不到的正反馈环路,在神经干细胞不对称分裂结束后迅速放大两个子细胞间短暂而微弱的Notch信号活性差异,从而稳固且不可逆地锁定神经干细胞与祖细胞这两个截然不同的子细胞命运。与之关键的“放大器”功能相一致,SEC的失活会使神经干细胞的命运锁定无法有效完成,进而导致其干性的丧失。反之,SEC的异位过度激活会导致神经祖细胞命运逆转,去分化成为过度增殖的神经干细胞,最终引起可移植、侵染性强的干细胞衍生癌症的发生。值得一提的是,宋艳研究组进而发现肿瘤抑制因子SWI/SNF-Erm复合体很可能在SEC-Notch-SEC这一放大环路中起着重要的“刹车(brake)”作用。

这项研究所揭示的细胞内放大器 (intrinsic amplifier) 机制是对经典细胞命运决定机制即细胞间侧向抑制(lateral inhibition)的有力补充,并可能代表了一种细胞自主调控不对称分裂后子细胞命运锁定过程精确性与稳健性的普适规律。重要的是,SEC 组分的异常调控在包括白血病、恶性胶质瘤在内的多种人类癌症中均被报道过。因此,该研究也为超级延伸复合体 SEC 的过度激活与多种人类癌症的相关性提供了新的理论解释。

原始出处:
Kun Liu, Dan Shen, Jingwen Shen,et al.The Super Elongation Complex Drives Neural Stem Cell Fate Commitment.Dev Cell. 2017 Mar 27

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    2017-09-03 维他命
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    2017-09-11 fzwish20000
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    2017-04-06 jin321

    好牛啊,cell

    0

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    2017-04-05 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    涨知识,学习了

    0

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近日,著名国际学术期刊Science刊登了英国弗朗西斯克里克研究所-米尔希尔实验室研究人员的一项最新研究进展,在这篇文章中他们发现了增殖状态下的神经干细胞如何重新回到静默状态,从而维持神经干细胞池的平衡。海马体是大脑中负责调节记忆和情绪的重要区域,其中的神经干细胞能够产生新的神经元,即使在成年阶段也具有这样的能力。形成多少个新的神经元以及何时形成新的神经元取决于神经干细胞池的静默和增殖之间的平衡。

PNAS:血管在神经干细胞增殖中发挥关键作用

在一项新的研究中,来自英国伦敦大学学院的研究人员以小鼠为研究对象,揭示出血管在神经干细胞增殖中发挥着至关重要的作用,从而使得大脑在子宫中生长和发育。 这项研究表明血管能够增加一种活的有机体中的神经干细胞数量。这可能在设计一种旨在再生神经系统中患病的或受损的部分的干细胞疗法中发挥着重要作用。相关研究结果于2016年11月4日在线发表在PNAS期刊上,论文标题为“Regulation of embr

Cell子刊:快速获得人类神经干细胞构建3D大脑

来自美国塔夫茨大学的研究人员开发了一种获得具有快速分化能力的人类神经干细胞的新技术,获得的神经干细胞可以用于包括人类大脑三维模型构建在内的多种组织工程学研究,相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Stem Cell Reports上。根据文章介绍,研究人员可以把人类成纤维细胞和脂肪来源干细胞转变成稳定的人类诱导神经干细胞系,这些干细胞可以在最短四天内就获得活跃神经元的特征,通常这一分化过程需要大约四个星期

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