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Med Mal Infect:辟谣!多项研究显示羟氯喹对新冠病毒并无疗效!临床用药依然要慎之又慎!

2020-04-08 Paris 转化医学网

导言:美国食品药品管理局(FDA)3月29日发布紧急授权,允许羟氯喹用于治疗新冠肺炎。这一紧急授权是基于美国纽约一位医生的成功经验,他用羟氯喹治愈了699例新冠肺炎,成功率高达100%!不得不说,这一

导言:美国食品药品管理局(FDA)3月29日发布紧急授权,允许羟氯喹用于治疗新冠肺炎。这一紧急授权是基于美国纽约一位医生的成功经验,他用羟氯喹治愈了699例新冠肺炎,成功率高达100%!不得不说,这一批准对于美国乃至全球而言都意义重大。然而,不知是不是病毒太狡猾,一份法国医学杂志刚刚发表的研究对此有了新的说法:羟氯喹并不能帮助免疫系统清除冠状病毒。

据《纽约时报》报道,在4月4日举行的白宫记者会上,特朗普再次推荐美国患者使用抗疟疾药物羟氯喹(Hydroxychloroquine)治疗新冠肺炎,尽管他并未感染新冠病毒,但是在会上表示:“我可能会使用它,我会询问一下医生。”特朗普还补充说,联邦政府已储备百万剂量的羟氯喹。

此前,特朗普总统多次在公开场合推荐使用羟氯喹,形容此药可能是“医药史上最大的改变游戏规则的药物”。然而,美国联邦政府首席传染病专家、国家过敏和传染病研究所(NIAID)所长福奇指出,此药的疗效尚未得到证实。

而且,已经有其他临床研究表明改药对COVID-19和其他几种病毒均无效。但前期的多项研究使市面上氯喹和羟氯喹脱销,导致那些真正需要该药的患者无药可治(疟疾,狼疮和类风湿关节炎的患者)。

在3月17日发表的一项研究后,羟氯喹与抗生素药物阿奇霉素有效对抗COVID-19的策略受到了更多关注。该研究描述了Philippe Gautret在法国马赛进行的80名患者的试验。结果显示,在接受此类药物治疗后的第7天,85%的患者聚合酶链式反应技术(PCR)检测转阴。另有1名患者死亡、3名患者转入重症监护室。尽管总体结果令人鼓舞,但值得注意的是,他们的大多数患者仅表现出轻度症状。此外,有85%的患者甚至并没有表现出发烧等症状,因此,这些患者很可能无需任何干预即可自然清除病毒,而并非药物治疗的结果。

在尚未经过同行评审的medRxiv上发表的另一项研究中,来自中国武汉市武汉大学人民医院的中国科学家为仅患有轻度感染且没有医疗问题的患者提供了羟氯喹,类似于Gautret 研究。 结果显示,与对照组患者相比,接受药物治疗的31名患者症状减轻的时间早24小时。 此外,31例患者中有25例的肺炎症状有所改善,而对照组中有17例。正如在与手稿相关的一些评论中所指出的那样,该研究存在与论文翻译有关的问题,从而使对某些结果的解释变得模糊。但是,一旦论文完成了同行评审过程,这些问题可能会得到解决。

但是另两项研究却有矛盾的结果。由让·米歇尔·莫利纳(Jean-Michel Molina)领导的第二个法国小组现在在法国巴黎的圣路易(H?pitalSaint-Louis)的11名患者中测试了羟氯喹-阿奇霉素的联合治疗,其结果截然不同。

像马赛研究一样,莫利纳试验也是一项小型试验研究。Molina和同事使用了与Gautret相同的给药方案。但是,与Gautret研究相反,在11名患者中有8名患有潜在的健康状况,而11名患者中有10名在开始给药时出现发烧且病情进展迅速。

这些巴黎研究人员发现,在用羟氯喹(每天600毫克,共10天)和阿奇霉素(第1天为500毫克,第2至5天为250毫克)治疗五到六天后,在10例患者中,有8例仍呈阳性。在这10例患者中,有1例死亡,2例转入ICU,另一例因严重并发症而不得不退出治疗。

此外,在中国进行的一项类似研究也显示,在试验中接受或不使用羟氯喹的患者,经过7天的病毒清除率无差异。

因此,尽管该药物最近被批准用于抗COVID-19,但对于这种治疗的有效性仍存在疑问。目前,国内有多家医院相继启动了羟氯喹治疗新冠病毒临床研究。这些正在进行的羟氯喹随机临床试验应就这种联合疗法的疗效提供确切的答案,并将评估其安全性。

原始出处:

Molina JM, Delaugerre C. et.al. No Evidence of Rapid Antiviral Clearance or Clinical Benefit with the Combination of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin in Patients with Severe COVID-19. Med Mal Infect

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    2020-06-20 feather87
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    2020-04-10 智慧医人
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    2020-04-08 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2020-04-08 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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拓展阅读

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在IBD患者中,使用皮质类固醇的患者因COVID-19而住院和机械通气的次数更多,然而抗肿瘤坏死因子 α 治疗与住院风险降低相关。

Anesthesia & Analgesia:基于疫苗接种状态和强制使用口罩的冠状病毒 -2019 疾病相关病例、住院和死亡率的负担: 来自威斯康星州的全州数据和文献叙述性综述

严格遵守公共区域口罩使用和完全接种疫苗状态与改善 COVID-19 相关结果相关,并可减少 COVID-19 的传播、发病率和死亡率。

Pancreatology:COVID-19感染对于急性胰腺炎住院患者的临床结局影响

本项研究证实COVID-19感染和胰腺炎住院患者的住院结局较差,包括脓毒性休克、急性肾损伤和需要血液透析的急性肾损伤发生率增加。

第99届美国神经病理学家协会年会:SARS-CoV-2感染患者死后眼部病理改变

本研究在SARS-CoV-2感染患者的死后眼标本中发现了大量炎症情况。

CGH:接种新冠疫苗可降低新冠阳性的染乳糜泻患者的住院风险

新冠腹泻的机制可能为:病毒进入肠道细胞内复制过程中引发炎症反应,释放促炎因子,增加肠道通透性。

JGH: 艰难梭菌对美国 COVID-19 住院治疗的负担

艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile,CD)是一种专性厌氧的革兰阳性杆菌,可存在于正常的肠道菌群中,当大量应用广谱抗生素、免疫抑制剂或化疗药物后可导致肠道菌群失调。

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