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Lancet:难治性高血压介入治疗新方法再出现 新的波澜再起!

2015-02-01 cmt 中国医学论坛报今日循环

2014年初,Symplicity HTN-3研究爆冷,射频消融去肾交感神经术(RDN)治疗难治性高血压未获阳性结果,高血压介入治疗遭质疑。时隔一年,《柳叶刀》(Lancet)杂志分别于1月23日和1月26日在线刊登两篇研究,探讨髂动静脉吻合术及RDN的疗效和安全性。并特邀中国医学科学院阜外医院蒋雄京教授和张宇清教授进行解读。 ROX CONTROL HTN研究 (Lancet:中央动静

2014年初,Symplicity HTN-3研究爆冷,射频消融去肾交感神经术(RDN)治疗难治性高血压未获阳性结果,高血压介入治疗遭质疑。时隔一年,《柳叶刀》(Lancet)杂志分别于1月23日和1月26日在线刊登两篇研究,探讨髂动静脉吻合术及RDN的疗效和安全性。并特邀中国医学科学院阜外医院蒋雄京教授和张宇清教授进行解读。

ROX CONTROL HTN研究 (Lancet:中央动静脉吻合术可能是顽固性高血压的创新性治疗方法(ROX CONTROL HTN研究)该研究为开放标签设计,纳入83例难治性高血压患者,其中44例接受常 规药物联合置入髂动静脉吻合装置治疗,39例接受常规药物治疗。6个月随访结果显示,诊室收缩压平均变化在髂动静脉吻合术组为-26.9 mmHg[标准差(SD)为23.9,P<0.0001],在常规治疗组为-3.7 mmHg(SD为21.2,P=0.31);24小时动态收缩压平均变化在髂动静脉吻合术组为-13.5 mmHg(P<0.0001),在常规治疗组为-0.5 mmHg(P=0.86)。髂动静脉吻合术组29%的患者出现后期同侧静脉狭窄,可以用血管球囊成形术或置入支架治疗。(1月23日在线发表)

DENERHTN研究 (Lancet:肾动脉交感神经消融术加标准化阶梯治疗能有效缓解顽固性高血压(DENERHTN研究)该研究为开放标签设计,纳入101例难治性高血压患者,其中48例接受标准化阶梯治疗 (SSAHT)联合RDN,53例仅接受SSAHT治疗。6个月随访结果显示,日间动态收缩压平均变化在SSAHT联合RDN组为-15.8 mmHg(95%可信区间:-19.7 ~-11.9),在SSAHT组为-9.9 mmHg(-13.6~-6.2);校正基线血压后两组差别为-5.9 mmHg[-11.3~-0.5(P=0.0329)]。共发生3例RDN治疗相关轻微不良事件:2例腰痛,1例轻微腹股沟血肿。两组患者随访期间均出现 相似的轻微估计肾小球滤过率下降。(1月26日在线发表)

髂动静脉吻合术作用原理

在同期述评中,来自澳大利亚贝克IDI心脏与糖尿病研究所的施莱希(Markus Schlaich)和黑林(Dagmara Hering)博士指出,尽管很多医生对高血压介入治疗持怀疑态度,但患者普遍不愿改变生活方式及药物治疗依从性差是不争的事实。

张宇清教授指出,研究者主要从Windkessel模型原理出发,即高血压形成的重要原因之一是动脉顺应性较 差,利用动静脉吻合方法将下肢静脉血管床并入动脉系统,从而改善大动脉(C1)和小动脉(C2)的顺应性,达到降压目的,这是其构思巧妙的方面。而结果也 证明了这种方法降压的有效性,舒张压下降更明显反映出C2的改善程度更显著。为避免吻合口过大,研究者刻意将吻合口确定在4 mm,避免导致心功能不全发生,在随访期内也并未发现心衰等严重不良反应。

蒋雄京教授认为,ROX CONTROL HTN研究探索了一种新颖的技术,其创新性值得鼓励。但从原理看却存在一些问题。髂动静脉吻合术主要作用原理是人为制造一个动静脉瘘,将动脉血引入下肢静 脉,静脉系统顺应性较好,由此能提高动脉顺应性。动脉血被引入静脉之后,形成了临时“储池”,这相当于“建造”一个“水库”,减少了有效循环血量,从而降 低血压。但从血液动力学原理看,如果较大的动静脉瘘持续存在,患者心输出量会明显增加,交感系统会激活,导致血压回升。长期预后如何?终点事件是否会下 降?

髂动静脉吻合装置

闪光的一定是金子?新技术安全性和远期疗效不明

Schlaich和Hering博士、蒋雄京教授、张宇清教授均认为,29%的患者发生同侧静脉狭窄,这个问题不容忽视,这个比例远高于Symplicity HTN系列研究中器械相关的不良事件发生率。

Schlaich和Hering博士认为,尽管新技术有效性显而易见,但投入临床使用还为之过早。除了静脉狭窄并发症,患者长期预后、后续抗栓治疗、 新技术对心输出量和血液动力学的影响都是需要关注的重要问题。髂动静脉吻合术组患者舒张压的减少与收缩压同样明显,因而该手术对于伴随冠心病或孤立性收缩 期高血压患者的影响需要进一步评估。

张宇清教授认为,在远期疗效方面,虽然吻合口较透析时动静脉瘘口更小,但仍会造成心输出量增加,这是否会引起交感兴奋性增高或其他代偿机制产生作用,进而导致其他不良结局,远非目前研究能够解决。而目前研究者也未报告心率变化数值,原因不得而知。

该研究未设置假手术组,这一问题同样得到了以上所有专家的关注。

再议RDN,假手术组“缺席”是“痛点”

Hering博士指出,Symplicity HTN-3的研究设计存在一些缺陷,包括介入医师缺乏经验、筛查期间及6个月随访期间患者用药发生改变、患者用药依从性不统一、手术疗效未经验证等。

DENERHTN研究在试验设计上远优于Symplicity HTN-3研究,包括两组患者均接受标准化阶梯治疗、使用Morisky用药依从性问卷(MMAS-8)评估用药依从性等,第一次RDN手术皆在经验丰富的介入医师指导下完成。

张宇清教授指出,在DENERHTN研究中,虽然研究者尽量确保避免各种偏倚,但不得不遗憾地指出,正如作者所承认的那样,这项研究的唯一缺陷是出于 各种原因未能进行假手术对照。正是由于存在这样的致命缺陷,接受手术干预所产生的“号角效应”难以避免,即手术行为很可能对患者行为产生重要影响,从而影 响治疗效果,而本研究结果也证实男性和服药依从性高是影响血压的独立因素。

另一个值得我们深入思考的问题是,与该研究相比,为什么采用几乎相同设计的Symplicity HTN-2获得了近乎神奇的降压疗效?

个体化治疗仍未获重视

蒋雄京教授认为,ROX CONTROL HTN研究最主要的问题与Symplicity HTN系列研究一样,即未注重高血压的个体化治疗。例如,在RDN治疗中,我们首先应该排除其他继发性致高血压因素,确认患者高血压是否与交感神经过度兴 奋相关。如果的确如此,RDN治疗才能达到预期效果。

在ROX CONTROL HTN研究中,只要患者初始降压治疗不达标,就被直接分配至动静脉吻合治疗组或药物治疗组,但研究并未确定患者动脉系统的顺应性是否严重受限,是否是这类 患者难治性高血压的根本原因。从血压调节的理论分析,任何降低心肌收缩、血管阻力和有效血容量的方法均可降低血压,比如心肌梗死、放血等,但对患者的整体 预后有益吗?

张宇清教授认为,虽然在Symplicity HTN-3发表后,业界对于介入治疗难治性高血压的热情有所降低,但他仍然认为,无论是RDN还是髂动静脉吻合术在治疗难治性高血压方面仍是有理论基础支 持的,仍需要深入研究,而目前研究仅是非常初步的。未来的研究应重点考虑哪些患者是接受这些治疗的适宜对象,我们更需要长期预后和安全性结果。

结语

张宇清教授:降压治疗的益处主要来自血压降低本身,这并不等于说任何降低血压的方法都一定会给高血压患者带来益处。

蒋雄京教授:匆忙发表ROX CONTROL HTN研究有“夺人眼球,只顾新闻效应”之嫌,这项新的介入技术能存活多久仍需观察。

Schlaich和Hering博士:ROX CONTROL HTN研究是一个有趣的开头,我们期待这个故事的展开。

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    2015-11-28 howi
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827993, encodeId=1e91182e993dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sat Nov 28 17:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903079, encodeId=d27719030e97d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1b0583884b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58388, encryptionId=e1b0583884b, topicName=新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c22f171, createdName=kord1982, createdTime=Sun Jul 26 01:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2083142, encodeId=66a420831426b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79e264641cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64641, encryptionId=79e264641cd, topicName=治疗新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=793a2500200, createdName=12498e5fm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Sep 06 05:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16211, encodeId=7e0a162111f, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 00:56:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1528281, encodeId=c0cd1528281b7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=74b798601a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#难治性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98601, encryptionId=74b798601a1, topicName=难治性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1ef11916292, createdName=freve, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 06:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14940, encodeId=dc9e14940e3, content=有看头, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=175.8.208.**, createdTime=Sun Feb 01 22:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-17 chinayinhan

    已阅

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827993, encodeId=1e91182e993dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sat Nov 28 17:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903079, encodeId=d27719030e97d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1b0583884b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58388, encryptionId=e1b0583884b, topicName=新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c22f171, createdName=kord1982, createdTime=Sun Jul 26 01:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2083142, encodeId=66a420831426b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79e264641cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64641, encryptionId=79e264641cd, topicName=治疗新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=793a2500200, createdName=12498e5fm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Sep 06 05:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16211, encodeId=7e0a162111f, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 00:56:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1528281, encodeId=c0cd1528281b7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=74b798601a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#难治性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98601, encryptionId=74b798601a1, topicName=难治性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1ef11916292, createdName=freve, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 06:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14940, encodeId=dc9e14940e3, content=有看头, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=175.8.208.**, createdTime=Sun Feb 01 22:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-03 freve
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827993, encodeId=1e91182e993dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sat Nov 28 17:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903079, encodeId=d27719030e97d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1b0583884b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58388, encryptionId=e1b0583884b, topicName=新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c22f171, createdName=kord1982, createdTime=Sun Jul 26 01:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2083142, encodeId=66a420831426b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79e264641cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64641, encryptionId=79e264641cd, topicName=治疗新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=793a2500200, createdName=12498e5fm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Sep 06 05:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16211, encodeId=7e0a162111f, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 00:56:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1528281, encodeId=c0cd1528281b7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=74b798601a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#难治性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98601, encryptionId=74b798601a1, topicName=难治性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1ef11916292, createdName=freve, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 06:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14940, encodeId=dc9e14940e3, content=有看头, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=175.8.208.**, createdTime=Sun Feb 01 22:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-01 175.8.208.**

    有看头

    0

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