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Sci Trans med:澳大利亚科学家开发新药,可预防心血管疾病,副作用大大降低

2020-07-28 Cathy 转化医学网

导言:每年,全球死亡人数的三分之一都是由心血管疾病引起的,主要是心脏病发作和中风。这两种疾病都由血栓阻塞大脑或心脏血管引起。近期,澳大利亚莫纳什大学的研究人员开发了一种新药,可以防止血小板引发血栓,从

导言:每年,全球死亡人数的三分之一都是由血管疾病引起的,主要是心脏病发作和中风。这两种疾病都由血栓阻塞大脑或心脏血管引起。近期,澳大利亚莫纳什大学的研究人员开发了一种新药,可以防止血小板引发血栓,从而预防心血管疾病发作。

目前的抗血栓药物存在一个主要的缺点:它们通过不加选择地阻断血小板功能来防止心脏病发作,但是却增加了大量出血的风险。虽然在疾病发作时给予像阿司匹林这样的药物,可以防止血栓的进一步形成,但它们只在25%的病例中起作用,而且这些药物会引起严重的出血副作用。近日,澳大利亚莫纳什大学的一个研究小组找到了一种方法可以靶向血小板活化,能专门解决血液的病理性团聚,而不会干扰正常的止血过程。

该研究发表在《科学转化医学》上。题为“Disrupting the platelet internal membrane via PI3KC2α inhibition impairs thrombosis independently of canonical platelet activation”

研究人员发现,抑制PI3KC2a蛋白可以改变血小板对血流变化的反应,血小板对血流变化的反应会促进血栓的形成,而血栓是心脏病发作或中风的常见原因。

研究团队首先观察了心脏病发作时血小板内的微小变化。其中,血小板中PI3KC2a基因的表达引起了他们的注意。研究小组发现,经过基因编辑后缺乏PI3KC2a的小鼠可以完全预防动脉血栓的形成,而丝毫不会影响止血作用。

众所周知,PI3K-AKT-mTOR通路是癌症治疗的靶标。但PI3KC2a,这种II级PI3K,在血小板中到底起什么作用?

研究人员使用电子显微镜从小鼠身上切下了血小板的超薄“切片”。他们发现血小板的内膜发生了变化,当血液流量发生变化时,血小板就不会相互聚集或粘附在血管壁上。

该研究的资深作者贾斯汀·汉密尔顿(Justin Hamilton)在一份声明中解释说:“正是这种血流扰动是心脏病发作的标志和预测因素。这种酶可以使血小板对这种血流变化做出反应,并'加速'血小板的凝结能力,从而引起心脏病发作。”

之后,研究人员开发了PI3KC2a抑制剂,并进一步研究了主要候选药物MIPS-21335。他们发现,在人体血液样本中,这种药物具有抗血栓作用。然后,他们将这种药物与两种常用的抗血小板药,阿司匹林和P2Y12受体抑制剂进行了比较。他们发现,当血管表面的血流压力增加时,MIPS-21335仍然有效,而在这种压力下,两种金标准治疗药物疗效均大打折扣。

研究小组还报道,与阿司匹林的显著增加失血量,增加出血时间的副作用相比,MIPS-21335可以有效预防小鼠血栓形成,并避免了类似的副作用。

汉密尔顿教授表示,下一步是开发一种更合适的候选药物,并投入临床试验,他希望在心血管疾病风险更高的患者身上测试这种药物,比如糖尿病患者。

值得一提的是,最近还发现该研究小组所开发的药物与治疗COVID-19的血栓有关,对此,汉密尔顿表示:“虽然目前还处于早期阶段,但我们希望可以探索使用我们新开发的抗血栓药,来改善COVID-19患者治疗。”

原始出处:

Maria V. Selvadurai, Mitchell J. Moon1, Simon J. Mountford, et.al. Disrupting the platelet internal membrane via PI3KC2α inhibition impairs thrombosis independently of canonical platelet activation. Science Translational Medicine 22 Jul 2020: Vol. 12, Issue 553, eaar8430

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    2020-11-13 bsmagic9140
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较高的总蛋白摄入量与较低的全因死亡风险有关,而植物蛋白的摄入量则可以降低全因和心血管疾病的死亡率。用植物蛋白源代替动物蛋白含量高的食物可能会延长寿命。

Eur Heart J:半数中风与心血管病有关,中风诊治需要心脏科医生!欧洲心脏杂志述评

近期,欧洲心脏杂志刊登述评称,心脏科医生要更好地了解中风。中风不仅是全球第二大死亡原因,也是导致成人残疾的主要原因。在中国,中风是居民死亡的第一大病因。

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