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配液时,到底需不需要消毒瓶口?

2023-06-20 中国护理管理 中国护理管理 发表于上海

最近在病区发现一个科室在开启塑料瓶装液体后,不再碘伏消毒而是直接加入药物,这种做法正确吗?你是怎样做的吗?

导语

最近在病区发现一个科室在开启塑料瓶装液体后,不再碘伏消毒而是直接加入药物,这种做法正确吗?你是怎样做的吗?

         经过了解归纳总结如下,有四种常见做法:

          1. 不消毒。

          2. 消毒。

          3. 平时不消,考试时消毒。

          4. 拉开不消,拉开久了再消。

上海国际医院感染控制论坛(SIFIC)有老师专门以「塑料瓶装液体打开后还需消毒吗?」为题,做过网络投票调查,结果是,参与调查的 262 人中,选消毒后使用的,占 73.28%;直接使用,不需要消毒的,占 26.72%

这说明,在临床上,医护人员还是严格按照护理教科书上的常规做法,只要是无菌液体,开启前常规消毒的,占据大多数(73.28% ) ,只有少数的护理人员(26.72%),敢于不消毒,拉开拉环,直接对着瓶盖注药。

这种做法正确吗?

传统做法

教科书上要求:配置药物时,启开液体瓶铝盖中心部分后要常规使用碘伏、酒精或者碘酒消毒瓶塞,消毒范围自橡皮塞、周围铝盖至铝盖下端瓶颈部,消毒完成之后,需要等待瓶盖干后才可加药。消毒目的是杀死瓶塞上的病原微生物。目前,多数医院仍在执行该常规消毒方法。

争议一:聚丙烯塑料输液瓶是否需要消毒?

图片

目前医院大多采用易拉式输液瓶,据厂家介绍此类输液瓶使用聚丙烯材料,其生产过程经过30分钟,115度高温灭菌处理,形成一个无菌环境,胶塞与输液剂之间隔一层聚丙烯薄片,此薄片形成瓶体的一部分,能够确保输液剂不被细菌和微粒污染。瓶塞上方设置易拉塑料小环,使用时只要捏紧塑料小环启封,不会污染瓶塞,开启后的中间部分是无菌的。但教科书及相关消毒隔离文件均未提及此类输液瓶是否需要消毒。

图片

可见,正规厂家生产的聚丙烯塑料输液瓶在有效期内、包装完好、未污染的前提下,启封及加药时不必消毒瓶塞。

争议二:启封后是否需要消毒

传统的瓶装药液要用开瓶器开启瓶盖中心,然后进行消毒处理。而近年来,一种新型的易开型瓶盖逐渐取代了传统瓶盖。它是在铝盖的外面加一层塑料盖,开启时不再需要开瓶器,直接用手将塑料盖掰开即可,内层没有受到外界污染。   

据厂家介绍:铝塑盖药物一般为玻璃瓶,瓶口结构由3个部分组成,从下至上分别为橡皮塞、铝盖、硬塑料盖。其制备工艺流程图中明确规定其先灌装、封口,后灭菌。所以在用手掰开过程中,只要不触及内侧橡皮塞,就不会被污染,故无需消毒。

可见,有效期内的粉针剂、水针剂铝塑盖药物,只要包装完好,并且直接用手打开塑料外盖的过程中不污染铝盖中央部露出的橡皮塞,橡皮塞就应该是无菌的,可直接冲配使用。

结论:

塑料瓶(袋)装大输液,也就是聚丙烯输液瓶或是多层共挤膜输液袋(含双管双阀)包装的无菌液体,拉开拉环后,可以不消毒。

有效期内的粉针剂、水针剂铝塑盖药物,直接用手打开塑料外盖的过程中不污染铝盖中央部露出的橡皮塞,可以不消毒。

拉开拉环不消毒就加药的做法,不但可大大减少护士的工作量,缩短护士操作时间,还可节约棉签和消毒液。但需要指出的是,这样做,只是针对即开的瓶口,若是开启时间过长,建议瓶口消毒再行操作,因为时间长了瓶口已被空气和灰尘污染。

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    2023-06-22 梅斯医学OM 来自四川省

    学习了

    0

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    2023-06-20 ms1000002113074128

    学到了!好文章!

    0

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    2023-06-20 ms1907128386112981 来自河北省

    拉开拉环后,可以不消毒。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144187, encodeId=8e59214418ee9, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=652f2206384, createdName=梅斯医学OM, createdTime=Thu Jun 22 00:09:57 CST 2023, time=2023-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143985, encodeId=ea29214398525, content=学到了!好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d51d8439916, createdName=ms1000002113074128, createdTime=Tue Jun 20 23:14:06 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143979, encodeId=b2e121439e9ac, content=拉开拉环后,可以不消毒。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e0ad1894147, createdName=ms1907128386112981, createdTime=Tue Jun 20 22:59:42 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143971, encodeId=12f121439e107, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Jun 20 22:49:42 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=浙江省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143998, encodeId=38d3214399802, content=建议瓶口消毒再行操作, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=65724176436, createdName=13d0179fm99暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 20 23:51:10 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=山西省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144017, encodeId=51d0214401e35, content=不错学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b08e8469269, createdName=ms4000000512201075, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 06:20:18 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=吉林省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144016, encodeId=d9e7214401659, content=启封后是否需要消毒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3d3015017, createdName=jshbyywk2008, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 06:16:46 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144014, encodeId=48ab21440149d, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4dfa6526517, createdName=仁术2023, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 06:10:21 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144010, encodeId=a54521440108c, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2ce68749341, createdName=ms4000001628383795, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 04:52:39 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144035, encodeId=441f2144035c2, content=学习新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e2716443372, createdName=ms300, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 08:25:27 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省)]
    2023-06-20 1209e435m98(暂无昵称) 来自浙江省

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144187, encodeId=8e59214418ee9, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=652f2206384, createdName=梅斯医学OM, createdTime=Thu Jun 22 00:09:57 CST 2023, time=2023-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143985, encodeId=ea29214398525, content=学到了!好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d51d8439916, createdName=ms1000002113074128, createdTime=Tue Jun 20 23:14:06 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143979, encodeId=b2e121439e9ac, content=拉开拉环后,可以不消毒。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e0ad1894147, createdName=ms1907128386112981, createdTime=Tue Jun 20 22:59:42 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143971, encodeId=12f121439e107, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Jun 20 22:49:42 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=浙江省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143998, encodeId=38d3214399802, content=建议瓶口消毒再行操作, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=65724176436, createdName=13d0179fm99暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 20 23:51:10 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=山西省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144017, encodeId=51d0214401e35, content=不错学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b08e8469269, createdName=ms4000000512201075, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 06:20:18 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=吉林省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144016, encodeId=d9e7214401659, content=启封后是否需要消毒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3d3015017, createdName=jshbyywk2008, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 06:16:46 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144014, encodeId=48ab21440149d, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4dfa6526517, createdName=仁术2023, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 06:10:21 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144010, encodeId=a54521440108c, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2ce68749341, createdName=ms4000001628383795, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 04:52:39 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144035, encodeId=441f2144035c2, content=学习新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e2716443372, createdName=ms300, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 08:25:27 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省)]
    2023-06-20 13d0179fm99暂无昵称 来自山西省

    建议瓶口消毒再行操作

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144187, encodeId=8e59214418ee9, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=652f2206384, createdName=梅斯医学OM, createdTime=Thu Jun 22 00:09:57 CST 2023, time=2023-06-22, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143985, encodeId=ea29214398525, content=学到了!好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d51d8439916, createdName=ms1000002113074128, createdTime=Tue Jun 20 23:14:06 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143979, encodeId=b2e121439e9ac, content=拉开拉环后,可以不消毒。 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e0ad1894147, createdName=ms1907128386112981, createdTime=Tue Jun 20 22:59:42 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143971, encodeId=12f121439e107, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Jun 20 22:49:42 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=浙江省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2143998, encodeId=38d3214399802, content=建议瓶口消毒再行操作, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=65724176436, createdName=13d0179fm99暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 20 23:51:10 CST 2023, time=2023-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=山西省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144017, encodeId=51d0214401e35, content=不错学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b08e8469269, createdName=ms4000000512201075, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 06:20:18 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=吉林省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144016, encodeId=d9e7214401659, content=启封后是否需要消毒, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d3d3015017, createdName=jshbyywk2008, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 06:16:46 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144014, encodeId=48ab21440149d, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4dfa6526517, createdName=仁术2023, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 06:10:21 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144010, encodeId=a54521440108c, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2ce68749341, createdName=ms4000001628383795, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 04:52:39 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2144035, encodeId=441f2144035c2, content=学习新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e2716443372, createdName=ms300, createdTime=Wed Jun 21 08:25:27 CST 2023, time=2023-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省)]
    2023-06-21 ms4000000512201075 来自吉林省

    不错学习了。

    0

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    2023-06-21 jshbyywk2008 来自河北省

    启封后是否需要消毒

    0

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    2023-06-21 仁术2023

    不错,学习了。

    0

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    2023-06-21 ms4000001628383795 来自河北省

    学习了

    0

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    2023-06-21 ms300 来自辽宁省

    学习新知识

    0

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