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得了肾结石,牢记这2个饮食禁忌,别让结石越吃越大!

2022-09-03 39健康网 39健康网

好端端的,怎么就得了肾结石呢?

如今肾结石患者越来越多,且患病率呈年轻化趋势,但不少人对肾结石还不够了解,就算被检查出小结石,只要无关痛痒便放任不管。

殊不知,小结石没有及时处理,有可能越长越大,容易导致肾积水或肾萎缩,甚至危及生命。另外,结石患者在饮食上也不能肆无忌惮,以防结石继续长大。

那么,结石患者在日常饮食生活中要注意什么?

01好端端的怎么就得了肾结石呢?

“早上醒来小腹突然疼得厉害,挣扎着爬出小区,坐上出租车,跑到医院挂了个急诊!打了止疼针,吊了止疼水,才好受点,这肾结石疼起来真的太要命了!我就想不明白,我不抽烟不喝酒,一天喝十几杯水,为啥还会得肾结石?”

相信不只一人有这种疑问。

的确,多饮水能为身体制造足够的尿液,稀释可以形成肾结石的物质。反之,身体长期缺少水分,尿里面的晶体成分聚集在泌尿系统就会形成结石。

但是,肾结石的形成受多种因素影响,缺少水分只是其中之一,它还可能与饮食、疾病、药物有关。

饮食

分析结石成分,会发现主要以草酸钙、磷酸钙、尿酸盐、胱氨酸、磷酸镁胺等为主,以单一成分存在的非感染性结石一般占40%左右,以含钙混合形式存在的感染性结石占60%左右。

日常饮食中,即使是健康食品,上述成分也挺常见。如果你有习惯大量食用下列食物,患肾结石风险也会相应提高:

高草酸盐类食物:菠菜、芹菜、大黄、粗玉米粉、麸皮谷物、浓茶、咖啡等。

高嘌呤食物:动物内脏、海鲜、肉汤、牛肉、猪肉等。嘌呤的最终代谢产物是尿酸,会提高尿液中的尿酸排出量,从而形成尿酸结石。

高蛋白食物:猪肉、羊肉、牛肉等肉类、奶类、豆制品等。动物蛋白会升高尿液中的钙含量,降低柠檬酸盐的含量,从而形成高尿钙,最终促进结石生成。

高盐食物:卤味、咸味零食、罐头食品等。高盐食物的“咸味”主要来自钠,而钠可以增加患好几种肾结石的风险。

高糖食物:糖果、蛋糕、奶茶、饮料等。高糖食物中含有大量乳糖,可促进钙吸收,让草酸钙在身体中沉积。

疾病

身患以下疾病时,可促使一种或多种类型肾结石的形成:

肠胃疾病:克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎等炎症性肠病,会有腹泻症状,从而减少排尿量,身体就会从肠道吸收额外的草酸盐,促使结石发生。

甲状旁腺病:甲状旁腺亢进会分泌过多激素,增加血液中的钙含量。

痛风:临床上长期痛风患者约三分之一会有肾脏的损害,还会使尿酸在血液中积聚,并在关节和肾脏中形成晶体。

此外,2型糖尿病、肾小管性酸中毒、某些遗传病如海绵肾,也有可能促使结石发生。

药物

某些抗生素、治疗艾滋病、高血压利尿剂等药物,也是导致肾结石发生的原因。

若不幸得了肾结石,可视结石大小采取不同的治疗方式。

结石大小在6mm左右,可采用保守治疗。通过多饮水、多运动、改变体位如趴着或撅屁股等方式,利用重力让结石下移。或者采用药物治疗,如中成药尿石通、排石颗粒等。

若保守治疗无效,需结合自身情况考虑体外冲击波碎石、经皮肾镜碎石取石术、输尿管镜碎石取石术或开放手术等治疗方式。 

02肾结石患者在饮食上需要注意什么?

1. 日常饮水不能少

肾结石患者尤其要注意饮水量,不能等到口渴了才喝水,建议每天喝够2L水,以尿液肉眼可见变清澈为衡量标准。

其次,还要讲究科学饮水。每日饮水2L,并不是让你一次性喝完,也不是让你饱餐时还要强制喝水,而是应该分时段分场景饮水。比如运动后流汗,身体蒸发了部分水分,这时就需要饮水。餐前、餐后、睡前、活动后都可以适当补充水分,保证尿液清淡即可。

2.不能摄入高危风险因素的食物

前面我们总结了几大类会增加肾结石风险的食物,那么可以对照自身的饮食习惯,减少对偏好食物的摄入。

比如你喜欢高脂、高蛋白食物,像猪牛羊等肉类、蛋类、奶类等食物就要限制摄入。

如果你的结石成分是草酸钙,平时在吃富含草酸的蔬菜,如菠菜、芹菜时,最好就用开水先烫1-2分钟,基本能去除80%的草酸,或者直接不吃富含草酸的食物。同时高钙的食物比如坚果、乳制品都要控量。

如果你是个尿酸结石的患者,那你肯定要限制高嘌呤食物,比如少吃动物内脏、虾,少喝啤酒。

总之,就是根据你的结石成分,有意识地规避高危风险因素,调整饮食结构,防止结石卷土重来或越长越大。

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    2023-02-19 ms4000001018423692 来自江苏省

    怎么知道结石什么成分啊

    0

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    2022-10-16 ms9000000218901253

    牛肉嘌呤很高吗!

    0

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    2022-09-05 ms5000000043316693

    挺好的资料

    0

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    2022-09-03 1015802_8808

    结石结石,回避风险。

    0

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