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Nature:成功预测癌症免疫疗法是否成功的第一个模型

2017-11-11 小通 生物通

这个数学模型还用于预测为何一些胰腺癌患者存活时间比其他人长的原因


这个数学模型还用于预测为何一些胰腺癌患者存活时间比其他人长的原因

在过去的几年中,癌症免疫疗法变得越来越热门,从最开始发现我们的免疫系统能抑制癌症生长,到后来发现癌细胞中免疫机制的多重作用,再到目前陆续跟进的临床实验,癌症免疫疗法争论不休,同时也成果不断。然而在临床上只有20%的患者会对这些治疗方法产生应答,因此科学家们亟待了解成功应答背后的因素。

西奈山伊坎医学院的一组研究人员构建了第一个可以预测癌症患者是否会对癌症免疫疗法产生应答的数学模型。这一研究成果公布在Nature杂志上。

科学家们一直在寻找一种能发现病患是否适用于新的检查点抑制剂免疫疗法的预测方法,但要成功预测肿瘤是否会应答并不容易,这项研究提出的数学模型能捕捉肿瘤的演变,以及其与免疫系统的潜在相互作用, 比以前的基因组生物标记预测肿瘤将如何应答免疫治疗的方法更为准确。

“我们提出了一个跨学科的方法来研究肿瘤的免疫治疗和免疫监测”,文章的通讯作者,西奈山伊坎医学院Benjamin Greenbaum博士说,“这种方法有望指导设计出预测反应模式,进一步利用免疫系统如何识别肿瘤的更好的治疗方法”。

这一新的模型也能帮助发现免疫系统中更好的治疗靶标,以及设计出非典型性免疫疗法应答患者的疫苗。

为了建立这个模型, 研究人员采用了接受免疫检查站抑制剂治疗的黑色素瘤和肺癌患者的数据,并跟踪了针对药物免疫应答中的多项特征,其中包括新抗原(neoantigens), 即特定突变和生长的肿瘤。

新抗原就是肿瘤中的突变多肽,在正常组织中是不存在的。对应于不同的突变,这些新抗原也会表现出肿瘤内异质性,其中一些属于一级克隆(所有肿瘤细胞中都有),还有一些是亚克隆(只存在于一部分细胞中)。这种主体有望成为主要的免疫治疗靶点,相关框架对于了解免疫疗法抗性如何产生,以及哪些癌症免疫疗法会引起自身免疫样副作用都十分重要。

文章的第一作者Marta ?uksza也参与了同期Nature的另外一篇文章(Identification of unique neoantigen qualities in long-term survivors of pancreatic cancer)。这些研究表明, 类似的模型可以用来理解胰腺癌患者的免疫应答。这是一个了解免疫系统何时产生针对一个肿瘤的识别的可能途径。

“这项研究为了解为何一些肿瘤比其它肿瘤更具攻击性,迈进了一大步,也预测指出新抗原将成为最有效的刺激免疫反应的方法”,Balachandran说。

原始出处:

Marta ?uksza, Nadeem Riaz, et al.A neoantigen fitness model predicts tumour response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.Nature. doi:10.1038/nature24473

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    2018-07-25 一叶知秋
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    2017-11-11 大爰

    学习并分享!!

    0

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    2017-11-11 jyzxjiangqin

    成功预测癌症免疫疗法.

    0

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    2017-11-11 jihuaijun1112

    学习学习学习

    0

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    2017-11-11 飛歌

    厉害了我的哥

    0

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