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npj Parkinsons Dis:动态网络损伤是路易体痴呆症认知波动的基础

2022-04-03 Freeman MedSci原创

认知波动与动态网络损伤的影像学特征有关

路易体痴呆包括路易体痴呆(DLB)和帕金森病痴呆(PDD),是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,与其他痴呆相比,其发病率、社会经济成本和照顾者负担较高。意识和注意力的明显和自发改变,被称为认知波动,在高达90%的DLB患者中存在,并被认为是一个核心诊断特征。在行为上,它们的范围可以从反应能力下降的意识障碍到注意力任务表现的更微妙的变化。

图1 论文标题图

尽管认知波动在DLB中很常见且具有临床意义,但仍缺乏客观的生物标志物,而且我们对其神经解剖学基质的理解仍然有限。现有的证据指出了与波动机制有关的几个关键特征,强调了考虑大脑的空间和时间特性的重要性。

事实上,以前在DLB中仅依靠结构标志物或时间平均功能成像测量的方法,对个别区域或网络的贡献有不同的发现。动态功能连接的目的是捕捉静态网络模型中经常遗漏的有意义的连接时间变化,它正在成为理解路易体疾病中注意力和认知障碍的神经基础的一个有希望的工具。


健康人的动态连接方法表明,有意识和有注意力的大脑的一个重要特征是能够动态地探索不同的网络配置组合。在宏观层面上,这些网络的重新配置可以被描述为沿着一个连续体的灵活过渡,从一端通过区域间的短程连接进行高度分离的信息处理,到另一端许多区域间的长程整合活动。

高度整合和时间可变的状态已被证明与意识和意识相关,并与认知任务的更好表现相关。这种网络层面的特征与构成上升网状激活系统一部分的不同神经调节性神经递质的影响有关。

具体来说,促进清醒和警觉状态的乙酰胆碱和去甲肾上腺素也分别与有效的网络级隔离和整合之间的相互作用有关,这些系统的参与被认为是DLB认知波动的病理生理学的一个重要组成部分。在这项研究中,我们着手测试这一假设,即DLB的认知波动可能与特定的神经递质/神经调节系统的扰动有关,这将反映在用静息状态fMRI测量的大脑拓扑结构的特定动态变化上。

图2 大脑功能磁共振变化图

与健康的年龄匹配的对照组相比,DLB患者表现出网络整合减少和低时间变异性的功能特征,这可能与认知波动的主观和客观措施直接相关。与众不同的是,我们还探讨了这些神经连接的改变是否与特定的神经递质/神经调节剂有关。通过将我们的拓扑fMRI连接措施与已建立的受体基因表达图的数据相关联,我们证实了去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱神经递质与改变的大脑动态的病理生理学之间存在明确的联系,而这正是DLB中观察到的认知波动的基础。


藉此,悉尼大学的Elie Matar等人,使用动态静止状态fMRI评估了DLB患者(n = 25)和年龄匹配的对照(n = 49)。

与对照组相比,DLB患者的时间变异性和整合性降低的动态网络特征被确定。时间变异性的降低与使用持续注意任务的波动相关措施有明显的关联。

与对照组相比,DLB患者的功能网络结构整合程度较低(分离程度较高),在背侧和腹侧注意力、感觉运动、视觉、齿状突起和齿状顶叶网络中观察到整合程度降低的区域。

网络整合的减少与主观和客观的波动措施呈正相关。整合减少的区域和不稳定的区域分配与整个大脑皮层特定类别的去甲肾上腺素能和胆碱能受体的表达区域明显匹配。

将拓扑学措施与神经递质/神经调节器受体基因表达图相联系,我们发现,整合度降低和不稳定的模块分配区域与整个大脑皮层的去甲肾上腺素能和胆碱能受体亚类的表达模式明显相关。

总而言之,这些发现表明,认知波动与动态网络损伤的影像学特征有关,与上升的唤醒系统中的特定神经递质/神经调节剂有关,突出了对这种症状的新的潜在诊断和治疗方法。

原文出处:
Matar E, Ehgoetz Martens KA, Phillips JR, et al. Dynamic network impairments underlie cognitive fluctuations in Lewy body dementia. npj Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8(1):16. doi:10.1038/s41531-022-00279-x

 

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    2023-01-18 longerg
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    2022-05-07 Boyinsh
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    2022-03-30 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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