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男性,间断咳嗽、咳痰半年,发热、咯血10天,请诊断!

2020-08-10 影像园 影像园

男性,间断咳嗽、咳痰半年,发热、咯血10天,请诊断!

【所属科室】

呼吸科

【基本资料】

患者,男,46岁

【主诉】

间断咳嗽、咳痰半年,发热、咯血10天。

【现病史】

患者半年前无明显诱因出现咳嗽、咳痰,为白痰,量少,易咳出,伴有气喘,早晚为著。曾至当地医院就诊,服用抗感染药物后可缓解。近半年来上述症状间断出现,表现同前。10余天前患者出现发热,伴寒战,未测体温,咯血2次,每次约5ml,为鲜红色血块。患者自发病以来体力较前下降,近1月体重下降8斤。

【影像图片】

【讨论问题】诊断

【讨论】

评论: 右肺下叶肿块影,可见支气管阻塞,考虑中央型肺癌。

【结果】

病理诊断:(气管镜活检,右肺下叶支气管开口)形态学结合免疫组化染色考虑小细胞癌。

【病例小结】

中央型肺癌发生在主支气管、肺叶支气管和肺段支气管。生长类型可分成管外型、管壁型、管内型,其中以管外型为主,以腺癌、鳞癌等为主要病理类型。肿瘤的病理形态包括支气管管壁增厚、管腔内肿物和支气管周围肿块。肿瘤的生长使支气管狭窄或阻塞,可引起阻塞性肺气肿、阻塞性肺炎及阻塞性肺不张,即所谓三阻征象。

X线特征如下:

1 早期X线检查不存在异常表现。
2 伴随患者病情进展,肺门部位可见突向肺野、边缘清晰的肿块影。3 肿瘤组织若阻塞气管可产生典型“三阻征”影像学表现,即阻塞性肺气肿、阻塞性肺炎、阻塞性肺不张,其中以阻塞性肺不张最为常见。阻塞性肺炎——肿瘤阻塞气道时,相应肺段、肺叶区域有模糊索条状片状或索条状影,密度均匀。阻塞性肺气肿——若肺叶体积明显增大,肺纹理较稀疏,透明度较高,横膈、纵膈可受压而移位。肺不张——若气管彻底阻塞,可产生片状肺不张阴影。
4 伴发肺门淋巴结肿大,其下缘有倒“S”状影,即中央型肺癌,是右上叶中央型肺癌典型征象。

CT特征如下:

1 早期CT检查可见其管壁有轻度增厚情况,且管腔中有小结节、管腔阻塞或狭窄;中期、晚期的中央型肺癌患者直接征象为支气管阻塞、狭窄、肺门肿块,以支气管狭窄最为明显,表现为管腔内缘光滑或者不规则,管壁增厚;其中,支气管阻塞的主要表现为管腔变细后阻塞,管腔骤然截断;肺门肿块的主要CT表现为肺门区域外缘光滑,或者出现分叶状软组织肿块影:中央型肺癌间接征象是肿瘤未完全梗阻支气管时所致阻塞性肺气肿,肿瘤彻底阻塞支气管时,其相应部位有阻塞性肺不张、阻塞性肺炎等表现,CT表现为斑片状的模糊影,或者肺叶、肺段实变影;增强扫描后,在明显强化不张肺叶的衬托下,其狭窄支气管会显示的更清楚。

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    2020-09-09 TZF0811
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1632813, encodeId=5ba116328130f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=10a09e25096' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#间断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97250, encryptionId=10a09e25096, topicName=间断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c86a21951359, createdName=TZF0811, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 10:23:40 CST 2020, time=2020-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=881300, encodeId=130988130003, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200824/adf7aecfa5784daea5f08c970b83d994/0c12e9fb19ae40d08386eb25dc4582a2.jpg, createdBy=61c72495945, createdName=金牛♉, createdTime=Mon Aug 31 10:43:02 CST 2020, time=2020-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=813004, encodeId=dcde813004a6, content=有收获, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200824/adf7aecfa5784daea5f08c970b83d994/0c12e9fb19ae40d08386eb25dc4582a2.jpg, createdBy=61c72495945, createdName=金牛♉, createdTime=Tue Aug 25 11:00:56 CST 2020, time=2020-08-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1468567, encodeId=6c97146856ec3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49dd3980615' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#咯血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39806, encryptionId=49dd3980615, topicName=咯血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0e3d6916225, createdName=feather80, createdTime=Wed Aug 12 03:23:40 CST 2020, time=2020-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481750, encodeId=2d331481e50a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ae83981550' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#咳痰#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39815, encryptionId=7ae83981550, topicName=咳痰)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd1b7820168, createdName=ms7258648636991762, createdTime=Wed Aug 12 03:23:40 CST 2020, time=2020-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=807313, encodeId=642580e31326, content=这个影像学CT不典型,小细胞肺癌常表现为肺内小病灶,纵膈淋巴结转移多为见,冰冻纵膈!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=58ad5410029, createdName=ms8000000219767442, createdTime=Mon Aug 10 18:47:08 CST 2020, time=2020-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-31 金牛♉

    学习了

    0

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    2020-08-25 金牛♉

    有收获

    0

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    2020-08-12 feather80
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    2020-08-10 ms8000000219767442

    这个影像学CT不典型,小细胞肺癌常表现为肺内小病灶,纵膈淋巴结转移多为见,冰冻纵膈!

    0

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