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bioRxiv:谢晓亮团队全面评估Omicron亚型BA.2.12.1,BA.4和BA.5的免疫逃逸效应

2022-05-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

Omicron不断突变,产生大量的亚型。目前大家关注的亚型至少包括XE,BA.2.12.1,BA.4和BA.5这几种。一般认为,随着Omicron不断变异,其传播性会进一步增强,免疫逃逸也可能会进一步

Omicron不断突变,产生大量的亚型。目前大家关注的亚型至少包括XE,BA.2.12.1,BA.4和BA.5这几种。一般认为,随着Omicron不断变异,其传播性会进一步增强,免疫逃逸也可能会进一步增强,但是毒性并不确定。最近一些研究认为其毒性变化不大,例如最新南非一项研究表明,奥密克戎BA.4、BA.5可逃避疫苗及免疫系统,已扩散20多国,但重症的死亡风险并没有增加

但是,从分子机制角度上,并未全面阐述Omicron的突变规律以及免疫逃逸状况。最新谢晓亮院士团队对BA.2.12.1,BA.4和BA.5的免疫逃逸进行全面解析,研究结果暂时发布在bioRxiv上,文章题目为BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 escape antibodies elicited by Omicron infection,可能也正在向Cell上投稿。

1、L452突变是BA.2.12.1,BA.4和BA.5 3种亚型发生免疫逃逸的关键突变

由于刺突蛋白的多个突变,包括其受体结合结构域 (RBD) 和 N 末端结构域 (NTD),Omicron 可导致严重的中和抗体逃避。目前,Omicron 亚系 BA.2 在全球范围内迅速飙升,超过了 BA.1,占近期 COVID-19 病例的 95% 以上。与 BA.1 的 RBD 相比,BA.2 包含三个额外的突变,包括 T376A、D405N 和 R408S,并且缺少 BA.1 所具有的 G446S 和 G496S。 BA.1 上的 S371L 也被 BA.2 中的 S371F 取代。 BA.1 和 BA.2 在 RBD 上的这些差异可能导致它们对多种治疗性抗体的抗性不同。重要的是,新的 Omicron 变体仍在不断涌现。

最近出现的新变体包含与 BA.2 相同的 RBD 序列,并添加了 L452 和 F486 替换,即 BA.2.12.1 (L452Q)、BA.2.13 (L452M)、BA.4 和 BA.5 (L452R+F486V) ),并显示出比 BA.2 更高的传播优势。其中L452在这几个突变株中均出现,可能是高传播性和免疫逃逸的关键突变。目前,BA.2.12.1 似乎已经接近美国新感染总数的 30%。 在比利时,BA.2.13 贡献了 5% 的新序列,而 BA.4 和 BA.5 合计占南非新序列的 50%。新变体的受体结合和免疫逃避能力需要立即研究,特别是 L452 替代的作用。

2、BA.4和BA.5的F486V突变使两种新亚型的ACE2结合能力减弱,但是BA.2.12.1 和 BA.2.13与ACE2结合更强,预示着有更强的传播性

BA.2 亚谱系对 hACE2 的结合活性进一步提高,而 BA.4 的结合亲和力显着降低。与 BA.1 相比,BA.3 对 hACE2 的亲和力在很大程度上得以维持。结构生物学比较显示,与 BA.1 和 BA.3 相比,BA.2 亚谱系中缺乏 G496S 保留了与 K353 与 hACE2 的氢键,增加了它们的结合能力,这与深度突变扫描分析揭示的实验观察结果一致。出乎意料的是,在 BA.3 中,残基 444-448 周围的局部构象扰动失去了 S446 与来自 hACE2 的 Q42 之间的亲水相互作用,这可能是由 G446S 的单突变而不是 G446S 和 G496S 的双突变引起的。值得注意的是,BA.4 大大降低了其结合活性,分别由 F486V 和 R493Q 的替换引起的相互作用。BA.2 子系,包括 BA.2.12.1 和 BA.2.13,与其他 Omicron 变体相比,表现出更高的 ACE2 结合亲和力和更低的 S-三聚体稳定性。相反,BA.4 和 BA.5 表现出降低的受体结合能力,这可能会阻碍它们的传播速度。

3、Omicron BA.1感染者血清缺乏交叉中和活性的原因,因此Omicron BA.1特异性疫苗效果不会理想

为了探究最近出现的 Omicron 亚系的中和逃避能力,我们首先使用 D614G 和 Omicron 亚变体进行了假病毒中和测定,针对从 接种3 剂疫苗接种个体、BA.1 康复者和SARS 康复者获得的血浆对 BA.1、BA.1.1、BA.2、BA.3、BA.2.12.1、 BA.2.13、BA.4/BA.5中和作用的研究。在接种疫苗的个体中,BA.1、BA.1.1 和 BA.2 在血浆中和抗性方面没有显着差异,这与之前的报道一致。然而,我们发现BA.2子变体BA.2.13和BA.2.12.1比BA.2表现出更高的免疫逃避能力,BA.2.12.1强于BA.2.13;而 BA.4/BA.5 则提供更强的抗体逃逸。在从感染前接受 3 剂 CoronaVac 的 BA.1 感染个体获得的血浆中,中和功效的下降更为严重。 BA.1 恢复期患者对 BA.2.13、BA.2.12.1 和 BA.4/5 的血浆 NT50 与对 BA.1 相比,分别降低了 2.0 倍、3.7 倍和 8.0 倍。

有趣的是,接种过疫苗的 SARS 康复者的血浆显示出与正常疫苗接种者不同的表型,因此 BA.2 亚变体和 BA.3/BA.4/BA.5 可能导致显着的中和损失。 这表明某些 BA.2 突变可能会特异性地避开广泛的 sarbecovirus 中和抗体,这些抗体在接种过 SARS 的康复者中显着富集。 总之,这些观察结果表明,新出现的 BA.2.13、BA.2.12.1 和 BA.4/5 比 BA.1 和 BA.2 表现出更强和明显的体液免疫逃避。

虽然BA.1感染者血清能够有效中和BA.1,但对原始野生型和其他突变株缺乏中和活性,这主要是因为N501,N440,K417和E484突变组合的特异性和敏感性。而由于新亚型D405N和F486V突变,使BA.1感染产生的中和抗体(BA.1特异性抗体不占主导)无法中和BA.2,BA.4及BA.5,这解释了Omicron BA.1感染者血清缺乏交叉中和活性及广谱性的原因。

4、当前主要中和抗体可能效果整体欠佳,需要开发新的抗体

进一步检测对当前的中和抗体的影响。所有 7 个 Omicron 子变体都显示出对 1 类和 2 类 RBD 抗体中和的显着逃避,例如 REGN-1093321 、LY CoV01622 和 LY-CoV55523、COV2-21965 和 BRII-19624 受到强烈影响。而 DXP 604 仅被 BA.4/5 规避,显示出对 BA.1 和 BA.2 子变体的中和作用降低,但仍然具有较强力的功效。治疗性单抗COV2-2130(Cilgavimab)仍能有效中和BA.2.12.1和BA.4/BA.5;而BA.2,BA.4及BA.5谱系携带的S371F,D405N和R408S突变会逃逸最广泛的sarbecovirus中和抗体。LY-CoV1404表现相当不错。这个结论与张文宏教授刚刚的研究结果一致,同样发现LY-CoV1404(bebtelovimab)对所有Omicron亚系和其他主要的SARS-CoV-2变体都保持有效的中和活性(bioRxiv:张文宏新作:全面评价奥密克戎逃逸能力!)(FDA授权礼来公司的第二个COVID-19抗体疗法bebtelovimab)。

此外,我们最近开发的从接种疫苗的 SARS 康复者中分离出的抗体混合物,即 SA58(BD55-5840,3 类)和 SA55(BD55-5514,1/4 类),对所有 Omicron 变体和 sarbecoviruses SARS-CoV-2显示出高的效力。 

总之,这项研究结果表明,Omicron 可以进化出突变来特异性地逃避由 BA.1 感染引起的体液免疫。 而且,随着Omicron 的持续进化,对 SARS-CoV-2 群体免疫屏障提出了巨大挑战,同时,也表明 BA.1 衍生的疫苗增强剂可能不是实现广谱保护的理想选择。

原始出处:

Yunlong Richard Cao,  Ayijiang Yisimayi, Fanchong Jian, Weiliang Song, Tianhe Xiao, Lei Wang,  Shuo Du, Jing Wang, Qianqian Li, Xiaosu Chen, Peng Wang, Zhiying Zhang, Pulan Liu, Ran An, Xiaohua Hao, Yao Wang, Jing Wang, Rui Feng, Haiyan Sun, Lijuan Zhao, Wen Zhang, Dong Zhao, Jiang Zheng, Lingling Yu, Can Li, Na Zhang, Rui Wang, Xiao Niu, Sijie Yang, Xuetao Song, Linlin Zheng, Zhiqiang Li, Qingqing Gu, Fei Shao, Weijin Huang, Ronghua Jin, Zhongyang Shen, Youchun Wang, Xiangxi Wang, Junyu Xiao, Xiaoliang Sunney Xie. BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 escape antibodies elicited by Omicron infection.

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    2022-09-30 sunylz
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858042, encodeId=ff7718580427d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Thu Sep 01 15:38:33 CST 2022, time=2022-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1919437, encodeId=1ac1191943e42, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Sep 30 18:38:33 CST 2022, time=2022-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1227212, encodeId=c359122e21217, content=发表在Nature上了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 14:40:37 CST 2022, time=2022-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084730, encodeId=93542084e30fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 04:38:33 CST 2022, time=2022-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1216804, encodeId=0444121680435, content=不容乐观。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Wed May 04 16:05:33 CST 2022, time=2022-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1216727, encodeId=9e821216e2715, content=疫苗以后也得常换,最近是BA.2,BA.4, BA.5,未来又不知道还有哪些?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Wed May 04 10:33:38 CST 2022, time=2022-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1216726, encodeId=f8681216e26e8, content=好快,各家结论是一致的,毒力变化不大,传播力进一步增强,以后lockdown更难了,防控措施应该调整一下了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Wed May 04 10:33:06 CST 2022, time=2022-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-18 小小医者

    发表在Nature上了。

    0

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    2022-06-20 xjy02
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    2022-05-04 weigq

    不容乐观。

    0

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    2022-05-04 病毒猎手

    疫苗以后也得常换,最近是BA.2,BA.4, BA.5,未来又不知道还有哪些?

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1858042, encodeId=ff7718580427d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c30265, createdName=jiafufeng@yaho, createdTime=Thu Sep 01 15:38:33 CST 2022, time=2022-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1919437, encodeId=1ac1191943e42, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Sep 30 18:38:33 CST 2022, time=2022-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1227212, encodeId=c359122e21217, content=发表在Nature上了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Sat Jun 18 14:40:37 CST 2022, time=2022-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084730, encodeId=93542084e30fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Mon Jun 20 04:38:33 CST 2022, time=2022-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1216804, encodeId=0444121680435, content=不容乐观。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Wed May 04 16:05:33 CST 2022, time=2022-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1216727, encodeId=9e821216e2715, content=疫苗以后也得常换,最近是BA.2,BA.4, BA.5,未来又不知道还有哪些?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Wed May 04 10:33:38 CST 2022, time=2022-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1216726, encodeId=f8681216e26e8, content=好快,各家结论是一致的,毒力变化不大,传播力进一步增强,以后lockdown更难了,防控措施应该调整一下了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Wed May 04 10:33:06 CST 2022, time=2022-05-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-05-04 病毒猎手

    好快,各家结论是一致的,毒力变化不大,传播力进一步增强,以后lockdown更难了,防控措施应该调整一下了

    0

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