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Annals of Neurology:天坛医院,轻度脑中风后,双抗血小板治疗,出血风险如何?

2022-02-19 Freeman MedSci原创

出血事件大多发生在21天的双联抗血小板治疗阶段

在CHANCE(氯吡格雷治疗急性非致残性脑血管事件的高危患者)中,使用氯吡格雷-阿司匹林或替卡格雷-阿司匹林组合的双重抗血小板治疗已被证明比单独使用阿司匹林对减少中风或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者的后续事件更为有效。

POINT(新发TIA和轻微缺血性中风的血小板导向抑制)和THALES(急性缺血性中风或TIA中的替卡格雷和阿司匹林或单用阿司匹林)试验。替卡格雷是一种口服非噻吩类P2Y12阻断剂,对受体有可逆的直接作用,比氯泊格雷能更快、更大、更稳定地抑制血小板。

CHANCE-2试验显示,在CYP2C19功能缺失(LOF)等位基因携带者的中国轻微缺血性中风或TIA患者中,ticagrelor-aspirin在降低中风风险方面优于clopidogrel-aspirin。

然而,出血事件是服用抗血栓药物的患者最重要的副作用。CHANCE试验中非颅内出血的增加,POINT试验中的大出血,以及THALES试验中的严重出血,导致人们对双联抗血小板治疗的出血风险的担忧。尽管CHANCE-2试验显示,与氯吡格雷-阿司匹林相比,替卡格雷-阿司匹林治疗与中度或重度出血的发生率增加无关,但替卡格雷-阿司匹林治疗的总体出血事件更多。

关于接受双联抗血小板治疗的患者的出血情况和与出血事件相关的风险因素仍然存在不确定性。

藉此,背景天坛医院的Anxin Wang等人,对CHANCE-2试验的事后分析,旨在描述在携带减少氯吡格雷转化为活性形式的CYP2C19 LOF等位基因的轻微卒中或TIA患者中,使用替卡格雷-阿司匹林与氯吡格雷-阿司匹林双重治疗的出血情况,并确定与出血事件相关的因素。

共有6412名患者从CHANCE-2(氯吡格雷与阿司匹林治疗急性非致残性脑血管事件高危患者II)试验中入选。主要结果是90天内的任何出血,由GUSTO(全球使用链激酶和组织蛋白酶原激活剂治疗闭塞的冠状动脉)的标准定义。

共有250例(3.9%)出血事件被报告,主要发生在双联抗血小板治疗的21天内(200例,3.1%)。

皮肤淤血、鼻衄和牙龈出血等轻微出血最为常见。多变量分析显示,与氯吡格雷-阿司匹林相比,使用替卡格雷-阿司匹林治疗与出血量增加有关(危险比[HR]=2.21,95%置信区间[CI]=1.68-2.89,P<0.001)。

目前吸烟与较低的出血风险有关(HR = 0.70,95% CI = 0.52-0.95,P = 0.02)。此外,与氯吡格雷-阿司匹林相比,年龄小于65岁的患者(HR=2.87,95%CI=1.95-4.22)和没有糖尿病的患者(HR=2.65,95%CI=1.88-3.73;交互作用的P分别=0.04和0.03)的出血风险更高。

该研究的核心结论是:出血事件大多发生在21天的双联抗血小板治疗阶段,一般来说都比较轻微。非吸烟患者的出血风险更大,与氯吡格雷-阿司匹林相比,使用替卡格雷-阿司匹林治疗的出血风险更大,尤其是在年龄小于65岁的患者和非糖尿病患者中。



原文出处:
Wang A, Meng X, Tian X, et al. Bleeding Risk of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. Annals of Neurology. Published online January 10, 2022:ana.26287. doi:10.1002/ana.26287

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    2022-06-17 yinhl1978
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    2022-02-19 屋顶瞄爱赏月

    学习了

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