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基础必备:氨磺必利在重度抑郁症的临床应用

2022-08-22 网络 网络

重度抑郁症(MDD)是一种常见的精神疾病,据统计约影响全球2.46-2.86亿人。抑郁症严重威胁人的身心健康,主要表现为持续的抑郁情绪、快感缺乏、无价值感或内疚感、动力丧失,同时伴有躯体症状、认知障碍

重度抑郁症(MDD)是一种常见的精神疾病,据统计约影响全球2.46-2.86亿人。抑郁症严重威胁人的身心健康,主要表现为持续的抑郁情绪、快感缺乏、无价值感或内疚感、动力丧失,同时伴有躯体症状、认知障碍或睡眠功能障碍,甚至产生自杀念头或自杀企图。有统计大约5-12%的男性和9-26%的女性在其一生中至少会经历一次MDD,约50%的患者会经历第二次抑郁发作。MDD无论对个人还是社会的负担都是巨大的。根据世界卫生组织的一份报告,预计到2030年,MDD将成为全球疾病负担的三大主要原因之一。

尽管抗抑郁药是治疗抑郁症的有效药物,但仍有大量患者对这些药物反应不佳。一项研究表明,只有大约一半MDD患者对抗抑郁药表现出良好的治疗反应,大约三分之一的患者能达到缓解。也就是有另一部分患者需要其他的药物来缓解他们的抑郁症状。一些证据表面抗精神病药物能够通过调节血清素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺从而达到治疗MDD的效果。其实,在美国每年约390万的抑郁症患者在使用抗精神病药物治疗,尤其是第二代抗精神病药物。那抗精神病药物作为单一疗法或辅助疗法治疗MDD时到底表现出怎样的疗效、安全性和耐受性呢?

一个大型的荟萃分析发现抗精神病药物作为单药治疗MDD时虽然在疗效方面有显着的益处,但带来不良事件的风险也明显增加,如静坐不能、 EPS、镇静、体重增加等,这些反应与患者在治疗中停药有密切的关系。这种方法与直接使用安全有效的抗抑郁药相比,风险更高,所以抗精神病药物单一疗法治疗MDD存在质疑。

值得一说的是,在所测试的药物(氨磺必利、舒必利、喹硫平、氟奋乃静、氟哌啶醇、齐拉西酮)中,氨磺必利、舒必利、喹硫平在试验中表现出突出的治疗效果,其中,舒必利在风险与效益的平衡之间表现得较好。抗精神病药物作为MDD的辅助治疗在疗效方面同样反应不错,但一样可能会导致患者因不耐受而停药。在受测试的11种药物中(由于符合条件的氨磺必利的相关研究不足,故氨磺必利并未参与其中),齐拉西酮、利培酮、阿立哌唑、卡利拉嗪和喹硫平在治疗反应方面明显优于安慰剂。但是,在这些优于安慰剂的抗精神病药中,只有利培酮在因不能耐受而停药方面与安慰剂相当,而其他抗精神病药则表现较差。

当然,这项荟萃分析也存在一些局限性,比如个别抗精神病药物的随机对照试验数量很少,在单一疗法中只有2项关于氨磺必利的研究和1项关于舒必利的研究,与之相反的有7项喹硫平的研究,这种差异肯定会对研究结果产生一定影响。还有在辅助疗法中,不同抗抑郁药与抗精神病药的组合也会导致治疗效果的不同。

综合来看,虽然说抗精神病药物作为单一或辅助疗法确实对于MDD的治疗能在疗效上带来明显的益处,但与之同时也更容易导致患者的不耐受反应。在单一用药中氨磺必利、舒必利和喹硫平都有效果,辅助治疗中齐拉西酮、利培酮、阿立哌唑、卡利拉嗪和喹硫平表现良好。那么针对抗抑郁药物治疗疗效不佳的MDD患者是否应该使用抗精神病药物辅助治疗,这需要临床医生充分权衡风险与收益的关系,结合患者个体情况来做出决策。

 

参考文献

Kishimoto T , Hagi K , Kurokawa S , et al. Efficacy and safety/tolerability of antipsychotics in the treatment of adult patients with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PSYCHOL MED. 2022-05-05:1-19.

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    2022-08-24 ms4000000967134160

    学习良多,获益匪浅

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1835935, encodeId=091e1835935bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cfdc22e893f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22789, encryptionId=cfdc22e893f, topicName=临床应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Wed Apr 12 05:52:57 CST 2023, time=2023-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1240787, encodeId=65c01240e8769, content=学习良多,获益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00798252951, createdName=ms4000000967134160, createdTime=Wed Aug 24 21:32:28 CST 2022, time=2022-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1240322, encodeId=481e12403227d, content=应该很重要的知识点, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Ew1TicATFhibUBIZLSHdpI5rBWeOKhJsaicsmvo6nDkUa02TnSaZ9SqhgKm9ibGF4LHrQCuficjdnO2NolqG3xGQblA/132, createdBy=f9fa2395757, createdName=gangan2008, createdTime=Mon Aug 22 18:26:27 CST 2022, time=2022-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1240318, encodeId=55b712403186e, content=受教, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=93b25728587, createdName=ms3000000304207293, createdTime=Mon Aug 22 18:10:53 CST 2022, time=2022-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-22 gangan2008

    应该很重要的知识点

    0

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    2022-08-22 ms3000000304207293

    受教

    0

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