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麻辣锅底还是番茄锅底?选对食物帕金森病远离你!

2020-08-01 Zhao Lei MedSci原创

有临床研究证明,尼古丁有望成为治疗帕金森症的有效药物。尼古丁作为一种生物碱,不仅仅存在于烟草之中,也存在于多种茄科植物的果实之中,例如番茄、辣椒、枸杞子等。

     帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)是一种常见的神经系统变性疾病,老年人当中多见,其最主要的病理改变是中脑黑质多巴胺(dopamine, DA)能神经元的变性死亡,由此而引起纹状体DA含量显著性减少而致病。1817年由英国医生James Parkinson 首次对此病进行了详细的报告。其临床表现主要包括静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌强直和姿势步态障碍,同时患者可伴有抑郁、便秘和睡眠障碍等非运动性症状。

      已有流行病学研究表明,吸烟与PD低风险相关,而在其中扮演重要角色的便是尼古丁(Nicotine)。也有临床研究证明,尼古丁有望成为治疗帕金森症的有效药物。尼古丁作为一种生物碱,不仅仅存在于烟草之中,也存在于多种茄科植物的果实之中,例如番茄、辣椒、枸杞子等。那么,饮食中尼古丁摄入情况与患帕金森病风险之间的关系到底如何?近日,发表在《The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition》的一篇文章首次就非吸烟人群膳食尼古丁的摄入量与患PD风险之间的关系进行了大规模的前瞻性研究。

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa186

     该研究共采用两个队列的数据,一是HPFS(Health Professionals Follow-up Study)队列,共有51,529名年龄在40-75岁的美国男性卫生从业人员;二是NHS(Nurses’ Health Study)队列,共有 12.17万名年龄在30岁至55岁之间的女性护士。排除标准是:1.有吸烟史;2.随访丢失,信息不全;3.纳入分析前已确诊帕金森病;4.总能量摄入< 800千卡/天或> 4200千卡/天。执行严格的排除标准后,共有19523名男性和31615名女性的数据被纳入统计分析。该研究通过食物频率问卷(food frequency questionnaire, FFQ)采集并计算饮食中尼古丁的摄入量。通过问卷调查确定PD病例,并通过查阅病历予以确认。使用Cox比例风险模型来计算风险比(hazard ratio, HR),采用固定效应模型来计算合并的风险比。

      如表1所示,该研究在持续26年的随访当中,共发现601例PD病例,其中女性296名和男性305名。饮食中尼古丁摄入量基线较高的参与者,一般年龄偏大,参与体育活动较多,并在咖啡因、酒精、类胡萝卜素总量和总能量的摄入上更多。

      如表2所示,摄入更多的膳食尼古丁与患帕金森病低风险相关。值得注意的是,这种显著的负相关只在女性人群中观察到,在男性人群中未发现明显关联。文章提出两种解释膳食尼古丁摄入与低PD风险之间明显关联的机制的假说:一种假设认为PD患者发病前暴露于尼古丁会以某种方式影响多巴胺系统的胆碱能调节,从而减少疾病进展。这也是诸多吸烟摄入尼古丁与PD发病低风险相关的研究曾提出的经典假说。另一种新的假说认为,膳食尼古丁会通过改变肠道菌群的组成来减轻肠道炎症,而肠道炎症的减轻会间接导致中枢神经系统突触前α-突触核蛋白错误折叠的减少,从而降低PD风险。

      最后,研究得出结论,食用尼古丁和富含尼古丁的如番茄、辣椒等食物,可以降低患帕金森病的风险,这种膳食摄入尼古丁的益处对女性尤其显著。对于男性膳食尼古丁摄入量与PD低风险的相关性并不显著的结果,该研究认为今后应设计更全面准确评估尼古丁膳食摄入的量表,以确认这种性别差异是否具有普遍性。

原始出处:Ma C, Molsberry S, Li Y, Schwarzschild M, Ascherio A, Gao X. Dietary nicotine intake and risk of Parkinson disease: a prospective study [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jul 29]. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;nqaa186. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa186

 

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    2020-09-06 hittouch
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1635616, encodeId=39a9163561671, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4483e0337b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#番茄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70337, encryptionId=4483e0337b9, topicName=番茄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=982922501584, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Sun Sep 06 14:16:16 CST 2020, time=2020-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=904193, encodeId=11999041939f, content=涨知识啦,谢谢👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=18555434658, createdName=ms7000000409152408, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 10:42:32 CST 2020, time=2020-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416887, encodeId=2bf8141688ee0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27c710101804' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101018, encryptionId=27c710101804, topicName=食物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e3a33221853, createdName=yhy100201, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 10:16:16 CST 2020, time=2020-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805694, encodeId=09368056944c, content=长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f3ee5399366, createdName=ms3000000346919156, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 07:22:36 CST 2020, time=2020-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805659, encodeId=284a8056598a, content=题目起的真好呀!学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 21:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805658, encodeId=a0d680565880, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/ib3rDQG0WJJkmo1txI6LBln9hkmHicI84p3oSEuAky0ATGwo1K6wPQuArib6WSwiaQictQvhW9OE9XUYHQFHj5JzcOQ/132, createdBy=64971986877, createdName=LeaC, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 21:02:07 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805654, encodeId=18b88056545a, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/01/eb3aa4d132957b56ae6e725ccd8bd6a6.jpg, createdBy=91022138557, createdName=caibear, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 20:38:29 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-12-02 ms7000000409152408

    涨知识啦,谢谢👍

    0

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    2020-08-03 yhy100201
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    2020-08-02 ms3000000346919156

    长知识

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1635616, encodeId=39a9163561671, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4483e0337b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#番茄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70337, encryptionId=4483e0337b9, topicName=番茄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=982922501584, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Sun Sep 06 14:16:16 CST 2020, time=2020-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=904193, encodeId=11999041939f, content=涨知识啦,谢谢👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=18555434658, createdName=ms7000000409152408, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 10:42:32 CST 2020, time=2020-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416887, encodeId=2bf8141688ee0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27c710101804' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101018, encryptionId=27c710101804, topicName=食物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e3a33221853, createdName=yhy100201, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 10:16:16 CST 2020, time=2020-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805694, encodeId=09368056944c, content=长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f3ee5399366, createdName=ms3000000346919156, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 07:22:36 CST 2020, time=2020-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805659, encodeId=284a8056598a, content=题目起的真好呀!学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 21:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805658, encodeId=a0d680565880, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/ib3rDQG0WJJkmo1txI6LBln9hkmHicI84p3oSEuAky0ATGwo1K6wPQuArib6WSwiaQictQvhW9OE9XUYHQFHj5JzcOQ/132, createdBy=64971986877, createdName=LeaC, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 21:02:07 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805654, encodeId=18b88056545a, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/01/eb3aa4d132957b56ae6e725ccd8bd6a6.jpg, createdBy=91022138557, createdName=caibear, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 20:38:29 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-01 Jessica

    题目起的真好呀!学习!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1635616, encodeId=39a9163561671, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4483e0337b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#番茄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70337, encryptionId=4483e0337b9, topicName=番茄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=982922501584, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Sun Sep 06 14:16:16 CST 2020, time=2020-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=904193, encodeId=11999041939f, content=涨知识啦,谢谢👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=18555434658, createdName=ms7000000409152408, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 10:42:32 CST 2020, time=2020-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416887, encodeId=2bf8141688ee0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27c710101804' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101018, encryptionId=27c710101804, topicName=食物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e3a33221853, createdName=yhy100201, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 10:16:16 CST 2020, time=2020-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805694, encodeId=09368056944c, content=长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f3ee5399366, createdName=ms3000000346919156, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 07:22:36 CST 2020, time=2020-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805659, encodeId=284a8056598a, content=题目起的真好呀!学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 21:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805658, encodeId=a0d680565880, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/ib3rDQG0WJJkmo1txI6LBln9hkmHicI84p3oSEuAky0ATGwo1K6wPQuArib6WSwiaQictQvhW9OE9XUYHQFHj5JzcOQ/132, createdBy=64971986877, createdName=LeaC, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 21:02:07 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805654, encodeId=18b88056545a, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/01/eb3aa4d132957b56ae6e725ccd8bd6a6.jpg, createdBy=91022138557, createdName=caibear, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 20:38:29 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-01 LeaC

    学习

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1635616, encodeId=39a9163561671, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4483e0337b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#番茄#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70337, encryptionId=4483e0337b9, topicName=番茄)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=982922501584, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Sun Sep 06 14:16:16 CST 2020, time=2020-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=904193, encodeId=11999041939f, content=涨知识啦,谢谢👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=129, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=18555434658, createdName=ms7000000409152408, createdTime=Wed Dec 02 10:42:32 CST 2020, time=2020-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1416887, encodeId=2bf8141688ee0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27c710101804' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101018, encryptionId=27c710101804, topicName=食物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e3a33221853, createdName=yhy100201, createdTime=Mon Aug 03 10:16:16 CST 2020, time=2020-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805694, encodeId=09368056944c, content=长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=176, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f3ee5399366, createdName=ms3000000346919156, createdTime=Sun Aug 02 07:22:36 CST 2020, time=2020-08-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805659, encodeId=284a8056598a, content=题目起的真好呀!学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 21:03:00 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805658, encodeId=a0d680565880, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/ib3rDQG0WJJkmo1txI6LBln9hkmHicI84p3oSEuAky0ATGwo1K6wPQuArib6WSwiaQictQvhW9OE9XUYHQFHj5JzcOQ/132, createdBy=64971986877, createdName=LeaC, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 21:02:07 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=805654, encodeId=18b88056545a, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/01/eb3aa4d132957b56ae6e725ccd8bd6a6.jpg, createdBy=91022138557, createdName=caibear, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 20:38:29 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-01 caibear

    学习

    0

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