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Lancet Haematol:中国首创!血友病B基因治疗初获突破

2022-05-20 中国医学科学院血液病医院 中国医学科学院血液病医院

血友病患者又被称为“玻璃人”,体内的凝血因子缺乏时,一个小小的伤口,都可能危及生命。据报道,在上世纪20年代,欧洲重型血友病患者的平均寿命不足10岁。血友病自幼发病,意味着很多

血友病患者又被称为“玻璃人”,体内的凝血因子缺乏时,一个小小的伤口,都可能危及生命。据报道,在上世纪20年代,欧洲重型血友病患者的平均寿命不足10岁。血友病自幼发病,意味着很多患者从小失去大胆运动的机会,终生都面临着可能出血致残的风险,为本来朝气蓬勃的生活蒙上了一层阴霾。静脉输注凝血因子替代治疗,虽可以改善患者生活质量,但无法治愈血友病,患者仍需面临终生反复的穿刺给药治疗,更为患者家庭和社会带来了很重的经济负担。

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2022年5月19日,国际顶级期刊《柳叶刀·血液学》上发布由中国医学科学院血液病医院(中国医学科学院血液学研究所)张磊教授、杨仁池教授与华东理工大学肖啸教授团队合作开展的亚洲首个肝脏靶向腺相关病毒(AAV)血友病B基因治疗研究成果,为患者们带来了一盏明灯,实现了血友病治疗的历史性突破。

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图注:基因治疗后一周内FIX:C水平变化

血友病B患者的出血与血液中凝血因子Ⅸ活性(FⅨ:C)多少息息相关。正常人血浆凝血因子Ⅸ活性一般为50-120 IU/dl,而重型血友病B患者体内FIX活性基本为零(<1IU/dl),皮肤、关节、肌肉、黏膜、内脏等都有可能发生自发性出血。当FⅨ:C水平>20-40%,则不会出现自发性出血。本研究选择了10例重型/中重型的血友病B患者,是亚洲首个以肝脏靶向AAV为载体的血友病B基因治疗临床研究。在接受治疗前,10位患者平均每年出血21.5次(范围:3-60次),注射凝血因子54次(范围:16-90次), 血液中凝血因子Ⅸ活性均在5以下,且多个关节已经出现病变。在接受基因治疗后,即一次静脉注射携带有凝血因子IX高活性突变体基因的AAV载体后,经过中位数为58周的随访(范围:50-117周),患者体内载体衍生FIX活性水平达到平均36.93±20.49IU/dl(均值±SD),其中4例患者FIX:C达到或高于50IU/dl,8例患者高于20IU/dl。本研究中的基因治疗药物起效迅速,输注24小时内即可获得疗效,患者体内载体衍生FIX活性水平在一周时达到平均57.12 ± 20.18 IU/dl。在长期随访中,仅1例因陈旧性血肿加重接受过替代治疗外,其他患者均无任何过度出血,也无需再输注凝血因子,极大地减轻了患者反复出血及静脉穿刺带来的痛苦。此外,该研究在载体输注前创新性地采用预防性应用糖皮质激素的方式,降低了不良事件的发生。

图片图注:2020年12月22日血友病B型患者两兄弟接受了基因治疗,治疗前每人每年平均需要注射凝血因子45次。接受基因治疗后体内凝血因子几乎达到正常,随访至今未发生任何出血,且不需要再输注凝血因子,目前已回归正常工作生活。

本研究达到了国际当前最好治疗效果,是除美国外,首家可以进行该类治疗的机构。以上患者FIX活性水平的提高以及未发生出血事件的状态,代表患者获得了“临床治愈”,可以像正常人一样生活而无需时刻担心是否会发生出血。证实肝脏靶向AAV载体在中国患者中的安全性和有效性,使“治愈” 不可治愈的血友病B从一种希望成为现实。

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图注:杨仁池教授在介绍中国血友病防治现状

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图注:张磊教授在观察患者医学影像

血友病属于公认罕见病,中国约有10-12万名血友病患者。中国医学科学院血液病医院(中国医学科学院血液学研究所)作为国家级血液学研究与诊疗平台,始终关注、支持着患者的健康和生活,用切实的科学研究和临床诊疗为血友病患者的健康生活助力。所院血栓止血诊疗中心在中国血友病防治领域承担了大量工作。早在1985年,杨天楹教授牵头成立了全国血友病协作组。1990年,所院代表我国正式加入世界血友病联盟(WFH),作为世界血友病联盟的国家成员单位(中国)的执行部门。血栓止血诊疗中心杨仁池主任于2004年在我国发起并成立中国血友病防治中心网络(HTCCNC)和血友病协作组,推动全国血友病中心的建立及血友病防治水平的提高。所院作为国家血友病病例信息管理中心的依托单位,建立了中国血友病网络登记注册系统,开展血友病流行病学调查,截止到2021年9月,已有来自全国31个省、直辖市、自治区的196家医院累计录入血友病病例37891例,为我国血友病防治策略的制定和完善提供了重要依据。近年来,中心累计获得科研基金近50项,发表论文近400篇、其中SCI论文近170篇,参与编写专著近40部。2004年至今,中心共开展新药临床试验40项,累计入组受试者198例,累计随访约4500余人次,推动35个新药上市。多项临床试验的开展为血友病患者提供更多治疗选择,一系列的原创性成果对于推动血友病临床研究具有重要的理论创新意义,多年的积累让我国的血友病治疗水平得以站立在国际顶尖舞台。

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图注:中国医学科学院血液病医院(中国医学科学院血液学研究所)

血栓止血诊疗中心全体医护人员

原始出处:

Safety and activity of an engineered, liver-tropic adeno-associated virus vector expressing a hyperactive Padua factor IX administered with prophylactic glucocorticoids in patients with haemophilia B: a single-centre, single-arm, phase 1, pilot trial. The Lancet Haematology, DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(22)00113-2

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    2022-10-11 changfy
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    2023-01-09 howi
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    2022-05-22 fengyi812
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    2022-05-20 younei

    lancet上果然牛,感谢梅斯更新及时

    0

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