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Hypertension:直立性高血压,或许预示年轻高血压患者不良后果

2022-03-27 网络 网络

站立时的收缩压反应夸张与交感-肾上腺素能过度反应有关,是主要不良心血管和肾脏事件的独立预测因素

直立性高血压(OHT)指从卧位转为直立位后血压升高,血压升高大多以舒张压(DBP)升高为主,是体位性血压调节异常的表现。Streeten等在20世纪80年代就提出了OHT概念。

近年来,对成人OHT的研究逐渐深入,大量研究表明OHT多发生于中老年高血压、糖尿病患者及部分血压正常的青年人,与心脑血管疾病及中枢神经系统损害密切相关,可能是心脑血管疾病新的危险因素。

血压对站立的高反应性的预后意义和机制仍有争议。为了评估年轻高血压受试者队列中直立性高反应性与主要不良心血管和肾脏事件的关系,来自意大利的学者开展了相关研究,结果发表在Hypertension杂志上。

研究人员研究了1207名未经治疗的I期高血压受试者,他们的平均年龄为33.1±8.6岁。正位血压变化被计算为在两次单独访问中获得的6个站立和6个仰卧血压读数之间的差异。对站立的过度反应被定义为站立-仰卧收缩压差值的最高十分之一。全组的平均差值为-2.5±7.3/4.6±5.4 mm Hg。

用24小时记录评估的流动高血压在超反应者中比诺莫尔反应者更常见(90.8%vs76.4%,P=0.001)。在630名测量24小时尿液儿茶酚胺的参与者中,高反应者的肾上腺素/肌酐比率更高(118.4±185.6vs77.0±90.1 nmol/mol,P=0.005)。在17.2年的随访中,共发生了105起主要的心血管和肾脏不良事件。

在多变量Cox模型中,站立时血压过度反应是主要不良心血管和肾脏事件的独立预测因素,风险增加97%(HR=1.97;95%CI,1.10-3.52)。即使将随访期间的流动血压数据和高血压事件纳入Cox模型,过度反应仍然是不良事件的独立预测因素(HR=1.94[95% CI,1.10-3.44])。

综上,在年轻至中年的高血压受试者中,站立时的收缩压反应夸张与交感-肾上腺素能过度反应有关,是主要不良心血管和肾脏事件的独立预测因素。直立血压评估具有获取简单的优势,并在流动血压的基础上提供预后信息。

 

参考文献:

Blood Pressure Hyperreactivity to Standing: a Predictor of Adverse Outcome in Young Hypertensive Patients. Hypertension. 2022;0:HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18579

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