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Annals Neurology:临床前期,脑淀粉样血管病白质损伤如何进展?

2022-07-18 Freeman MedSci原创

白质破坏措施可能是D-CAA进展的有价值的横断面和纵向生物标志物

大脑淀粉样血管病(CAA)是一种脑部小血管疾病,是脑内出血的常见原因,也是认知障碍的诱因之一。 尽管大多数CAA病例是散发性的,但淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)的几种遗传变异已被证明可导致常染色体显性形式的CAA。

图1: 论文封面图

最常见的类型是荷兰型CAA(D-CAA),它是由APP的一个点突变(E693Q5)引起的。与散发性CAA相比,D-CAA出现症状的年龄较小,但其临床和放射学表现与散发性CAA相似。

由于其发病年龄早且完全穿透,对D-CAA的研究为了解无症状前CAA的病理生理学提供了一个独特的窗口。

D-CAA是一种致命的孤儿疾病,很少有集中的临床试验。这部分是由于在脑出血出现之前的早期阶段,很难确定合适的疾病进展的生物标志物。

哈佛大学的Zahra Shirzadi等先前的横断面工作表明,白质破坏可能发生在D-CAA的症状性出血之前,他们研究了D-CAA患者纵向队列中白质变化的进展情况。

为了研究白质的变化,他们使用了白质超强度(WMH)体积和骨架化平均扩散性(PSMD)的峰值宽度--这是最近开发的基于扩散的测量方法,对脑血管损伤敏感。

 

图2:论文结果图

 

核心假设:在出血性病变或有症状的出血之前,白质损伤的神经影像学措施在D-CAA中是存在的并且是渐进的。

在一个D-CAA携带者和非携带者的纵向队列中,他们观察到D-CAA携带者和非携带者,在出现脑微出血之前,以及在第一次有症状的出血的平均年龄之前>14年,白质损伤措施出现区别。

这些结果表明,白质破坏措施可能是D-CAA进展的有价值的横断面和纵向生物标志物。


原文出处:

Shirzadi Z, Yau WW, Schultz SA, et al. Progressive White Matter Injury in Preclinical Dutch Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. _Annals of Neurology_. Published online June 25, 2022:ana.26429. doi:[10.1002/ana.26429](https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.26429)

 

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    2022-11-20 yinhl1978
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 Eur J Neurol.:视觉空间功能障碍与非痴呆性脑淀粉样血管病中白质损害的后部分布相关

非痴呆性CAA患者存在视觉空间功能障碍,尤其是视觉物体感知障碍,且与脑白质损伤的后向倾向独立相关,而与SVD影像学标志物的整体严重程度或出血标志物的分布模式无关。这一发现提示后部白质的损害而不是整体

Neurology:脑血管反应性是脑淀粉样血管病核心特征,或为评估疾病严重程度、认知损害的生物标志物

近日,有研究人员评估了CAA患者在高二氧化碳气体刺激下的全脑CVR,研究发现脑血管反应性降低是脑淀粉样血管病的核心特征,其评估可能为疾病严重程度和认知损害提供额外的生物标志物。

Stroke:小脑表面铁沉积在脑淀粉样血管病中的意义

小脑表面铁沉积可能是CAA的一个新的标志。

Neurology : 脑淀粉样血管病病理改变与PET下淀粉样蛋白-β的关系

本研究尚不能证实,经尸检证实的局部CAA负荷显著影响患者生前完成PET中临近该局部区域的PIB信号,即淀粉样PET成像在脑叶水平上不受到CAA影响,但对于更严重的CAA表型例如肺叶出血仍需进一步研究。

Stroke:脑淀粉样血管病的急性卒中患者血管内治疗效果分析

血管内血栓切除术联合或不联合溶栓对伴有CAA的急性缺血性卒中患者都有益,但与较差的功能结局相关。

Stroke:脑淀粉样血管病临床和神经影像学标志物的患病率

大约一半的CAA患者队列观察到有脑微出血、皮质浅表铁质沉着症、轻度认知障碍、痴呆、ICH或短暂的局灶性神经系统发作。皮质浅表铁质沉着症是唯一与ICH复发率较高相关的神经影像学标志物。

拓展阅读

JAMA neurology:脑淀粉样血管病与孤立性非创伤性硬膜下出血的风险 

硬膜下出血(SDH)在美国每年影响近125000人,其风险随着年龄增加而增加。在两个大型不同类型的队列中,CAA与SDH风险增加相关。这些发现表明,CAA可能是孤立性非创伤性SDH的一个新的危险因素。

做好这8件事,让大脑更健康!Stroke:未来脑健康研究有哪些方向?

该论文强调了对于“脑淀粉样血管病”患者的准确识别、综合预防策略的探索、基于先进神经影像学技术的脑小血管标志物的研究,以及全球范围内多方协作的重要性。

中山大学蔡蔚团队《自然·通讯》:巨噬细胞迁移小体通过激活补体破坏血脑屏障

该研究表明,CAA患者与小鼠模型的血管壁中都存在巨噬细胞来源的迁移小体沉积,且患者外周血中巨噬细胞生成迁移小体的能力与疾病影像学指标密切相关。

Stroke:脑静脉引流功能障碍可能是脑淀粉样血管病淀粉质沉积的原因之一

静脉引流功能障碍可能在CAA和脑淀粉质沉积中起作用。

肾功能好很重要:肾功能损害显著增加阿尔茨海默病和脑淀粉样血管病的风险

肾功能好很重要:肾功能损害显著增加阿尔茨海默病和脑淀粉样血管病的风险。

磁共振上出现「脑微出血」,这11种病因要考虑

脑微出血(CMBs)是脑小血管病的典型影像学表现之一,常见于高血压性动脉病和脑淀粉样血管病(CAA)患者。然而,CMBs还可以出现在一些脑小血管病的少见病因及其他疾病中。

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