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SCI TRANSL MED:表观遗传有望成为攻克癌症治疗抗性的突破点

2017-06-30 cailingrui MedSci原创

绝大多数靶向治疗方法都不可避免的会产生抗性,正在逐步成为临床治疗上的一大挑战,阻碍了具有较少毒性的新开发药物用于癌症治疗,特别是在实体瘤中的应用。关于驱动化学耐药性机制的竞争理论已经证实,耐药性可以通过多个通路产生,癌症对其有极好的适应性。

绝大多数靶向治疗方法都不可避免的会产生抗性,正在逐步成为临床治疗上的一大挑战,阻碍了具有较少毒性的新开发药物用于癌症治疗,特别是在实体瘤中的应用。关于驱动化学耐药性机制的竞争理论已经证实,耐药性可以通过多个通路产生,癌症对其有极好的适应性。

Shaffer等人采用单细胞基因表达谱来揭示罕见、短暂和不可遗传的转录态的存在,这种状态会赋予病人BRAFV600E 黑色素瘤细胞对BRAF抑制剂威罗菲尼的抗性。用这种抑制剂体外处理时,绝大多数细胞会发生凋亡现象,但一些具有瞬时抗性的细胞存活了下来并继续增殖,它们的这种具有优势的转录模式通过表观遗传重编程被永久的烙印了下来,从而获得长期的抗性。研究人员更进一步发现了可以多个抗性基因共表达的“头奖细胞”,在面对药物挑战时具有更多的优势。 

重编程细胞的转录谱表明,他们经历了一系列的去分化,而后候补促增长信号通路(如EGFR)的激活过程。重要的是,如果癌症以一种可以预测的形式演化,就可以在抗性克隆稳定建立前使用第二种靶向药物,从而完全阻断肿瘤的复发。然而,就想我们经常看到的那样,癌症的发证并不像我们期待中的那样具有可预见性。

有趣的是,作者发现这些高度可变的基因表达的过渡态并不是黑色素瘤特有的,也不是癌细胞特有的。单细胞水平的黑色素细胞,表现出与罕见细胞相似的高变异率。这个发现对癌症研究来说极为重要,因为它表明基因表达可能不像正常细胞中一样稳定,但这一结论仍需在更多的细胞类型中得以进一步验证。

原始出处:
Kristopher Sarosiek. Epigenetics make transient states of cancer therapy resistance permanent. Science Translational Medicine. 28 Jun 2017:Vol. 9, Issue 396, eaan6729
本文系梅斯医学(MedSci)原创编译整理,转载需授权!

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    2018-02-11 yige2012
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    2018-04-04 bsmagic9140
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    2017-07-02 柳叶一刀

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表观遗传学因为控制致癌、抑癌基因表达所以一度被认为是一个重要的抗肿瘤研究方向。EZH2是组蛋白甲基转移酶的一种,负责甲基化H3组蛋白第27位赖氨酸(H3K27),H3K27甲基化后引发多个致癌基因的表达。EZH2是一个叫做PRC2的多蛋白复合物的酶部分,在胚胎发育时很活跃,成人后活性大大下降。EZH2在多种肿瘤有增活变异,在FL、DLBCL变异率为15-20%。Tazemetostat是首创EZH

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