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关注世卫大会|中国门诊抗菌药物使用率降至8.1%

2018-05-22 佚名 国家卫健委网站

“今天不采取行动,明天就无药可用。”2010年,世界卫生组织就对全世界敲响了警钟,呼吁加强抗菌药物临床应用管理,遏制细菌耐药。在这场没有硝烟的战争中,我国将行政干预与专业技术紧密结合,持续完善抗菌药物管理体系,多部门协同制度落地。抗菌药物使用率、使用强度、细菌耐药率等指标进一步改善,管理经验得到了国际同行的认可。措施紧锣密鼓 管理不断加码“我国历来高度重视抗菌药物临床应用管理工作,特别是近10年

“今天不采取行动,明天就无药可用。”2010年,世界卫生组织就对全世界敲响了警钟,呼吁加强抗菌药物临床应用管理,遏制细菌耐药。

在这场没有硝烟的战争中,我国将行政干预与专业技术紧密结合,持续完善抗菌药物管理体系,多部门协同制度落地。抗菌药物使用率、使用强度、细菌耐药率等指标进一步改善,管理经验得到了国际同行的认可。

措施紧锣密鼓 管理不断加码

“我国历来高度重视抗菌药物临床应用管理工作,特别是近10年来,采取了一系列有力措施,相继制定了《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》《国家抗微生物治疗指南》等技术规范,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物;建立全国抗菌药物临床应用监测网和全国细菌耐药监测网,对抗菌药物应用和细菌耐药等情况进行监测;相关‘红头文件’更是紧锣密鼓地出台。”国家卫生健康委员会抗菌药物临床应用与细菌耐药评价专家委员会办公室主任徐英春介绍。

2012年,被称为“史上最严限抗令”的《抗菌药物临床应用管理办法》出台。该《管理办法》将抗菌药物分为非限制使用、限制使用与特殊使用3级管理,并明确规定了不同等级医生的开药权限。严重违规使用抗菌药物的医生将被吊销执业证书。徐英春介绍:“这一办法建立了抗菌药物临床应用分级管理制度,明确了医疗机构抗菌药物遴选、采购、临床使用、监测和预警、干预与退出全流程工作机制,并加大干预力度和责任落实。”

而在该《管理办法》出台前的2011年,原卫生部在全国开展了为期3年的“抗菌药物临床应用专项整治活动”,对抗菌药物品种品规数、使用强度、使用率等进行严格控制。专项整治结束后,每年提出重点工作。在活动收官之年,原国家卫生计生委办公厅印发《2013年全国抗菌药物临床应用专项整治活动方案》,对医院抗菌药物的品种、患者的使用量做了限制,还要求接受抗菌药物治疗的住院患者使用抗菌药物前,微生物检验样本送检率不低于30%。

通过不断努力,我国抗菌药物临床应用管理取得了明显成效。根据全国抗菌药物临床应用监测网的数据,我国门诊抗菌药物使用率从2010年的19.4%下降到2017年的8.1%,住院患者抗菌药物使用率从2010年的67.3%下降到2017年的36.8%,抗菌药物使用强度从2010年的77.6DDDs下降到2017年的45.7DDDs。

探索符合国情的综合管理模式

“近几年,我们正在探索多部门联防联控的综合治理模式,并探索符合国情的管理模式。”徐英春说。

2016年,原国家卫生计生委联合多部门开展了“应对细菌耐药联防联控工作机制”,响应世界卫生组织号召,联合14个部委制订实施中国的《遏制细菌耐药国家行动计划(2016-2020年)》,对细菌耐药问题采取综合治理措施。

2017年年初,原国家卫生计生委成立了抗菌药物临床应用与细菌耐药评价专家委员会,由钟南山院士、赵玉沛院士担任主任委员,汇集了国内各相关领域的权威专家,对我国抗菌药物管理和细菌耐药形势进行总体研判,开展相关研究和评价,并提出政策建议。

“我国医疗机构也在致力于探索高效的抗菌药物管理模式”,徐英春介绍,感染性疾病科、临床微生物学、临床药学和医院感染控制等学科建设不断加强,感染性疾病的多学科诊疗体系日趋完善,会诊机制不断建立健全。“同时,医院信息系统不断完善,通过信息化手段对抗菌药物处方进行管理和监控。此外,社会公众的合理用药意识也在明显增强。”

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    2018-05-24 lhlxtx
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    2018-05-22 中医痴

    不错的.学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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